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Small mammals > Assessment 3 - Small animal - Diseases - ALTERNATIVE > Flashcards

Assessment 3 - Small animal - Diseases - ALTERNATIVE Flashcards

1
Q

Chinchillas - common ailments (3)

A

Heat stroke
Fur slip
Conjunctivitis

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2
Q

Chipmunk common ailments (3)

A

Respiratory infections
Cheek pouch problems
Stereotypical behaviours - due to stress

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3
Q

Degu common ailment

A

Diabetes

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4
Q

Ferrets Common ailments

A

Persistent oestrus

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5
Q

Guinea pigs - Common ailment (3)

A

Hypovitaminosis C
Pneumonia
Bladder stones

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6
Q

Hamster - Common ailment

A

Pyometra

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7
Q

Rabbits - Common ailments

A

Gut stasis - Ileus
Fly strike
Ear mites

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8
Q

Rats, mice and gerbils - Common ailment

A

Respiratory disease

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9
Q

Sugar gliders - Common ailment (2)

A

Metabolic bone disease
Issues/ poor husbandry

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10
Q

Chinchilla - Heat stroke - Clinical signs (3+3)

A

Red ears
Panting
Salivation

Restlessness
Lethargy
Collapse

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11
Q

Chinchilla - Heat stroke - Immediate first aid (5)

A

Move 2 cool place
Cool water: ears & paws
Cool water bath
Encourage drinking
Call vet

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12
Q

Chinchilla - Heat stroke - Ongoing treatment (4)

A

Fluids
Assisted feeding
Drugs to keep guts working
Monitor temp

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13
Q

Chinchilla - Heat stroke - Prevention (7)

A

Well ventilated cage
Away from direct sunlight
Access to water
Access to shade
AC
Limit play in hot weather
Cooling slabs/ packs

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14
Q

Chinchilla - Fur slip - General (4)

A

Natural defence mechanism
Release tufts to get away if trapped
Different to shedding
Not painful

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15
Q

Chinchilla - Fur slip - Signs (2

A

Visible fur slipping
Patch of fur missing (clean skin under)

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16
Q

Chinchilla - Fur slip - Prevention (4)

A

Remove stressors
Careful handling
Dust baths
Enrichment

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17
Q

Chinchilla - Conjunctivitis - General info (1) and causes (2)

A

Inflammation of conjunctiva
Irritation from dust baths
Poor ventilation/hygiene

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18
Q

Chinchilla - Conjunctivitis - Clinical signs (4)

A

Weeping eyes
Red conjunctiva
Eyes partially claused
Rubbing face

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19
Q

Chinchilla - Conjunctivities - Vet may use…(3)

A

Ophthalmoscope
Dye - cornea damage
Swab - infection

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20
Q

Chinchilla - Conjunctivitis - Treatment (3)

A

Saline solution
Abx
Eye drops
Remove dust baths until healed

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21
Q

Chinchilla - Conjunctivitis - Prevention (4)

A

Only use chinchilla dust
Remove dust baths when not in use
Ensure good cleaning practice
Ventilation

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22
Q

Chipmunk - Respiratory infections - Causes (3)

A

Overgrown incisors
Dusty environment
Influenza

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23
Q

Chipmunk - Respiratory infections - Clinical signs (3)

A

Nasal discharge
Noisy & fast breathing

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24
Q

Chipmunk - Respiratory infections - Treatments (3)

A

Antiobiotics
Treat dental disease
Supportive care (oxygen, warm environment, fluids, assisted feeding, rest)

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25
Chipmunk - Respiratory infections - Prevention (3)
No dusty substrates Ventilation Stuff to gnaw
26
Chipmunk - Cheek pouch problems (4)
Abscess Tumour Impaction Prolapse
27
Chipmunk - Cheek pouch - Clinical signs (6)
Cheek pouches appear full (long periods) One cheek appears full Salivation Pawing at mouth Anorexia Pink tissue visible to corner of mouth (prolapse)
28
Chipmunk - Cheek pouch - Prevention (3)
Check enclosure for sharp objects Avoid food with sharp edges Avoid cotton wool
29
Chipmunk - Stereotypical behaviours (4)
Keep wild instincts in captivity & Easily stressed Circling Aggression Identify issue + remove potential stressors
30
Degu - Clinical signs of diabetes (4)
Weight loss PUPD Cataracts (after 4 weeks) Weak immune system - infections
31
Degu - Prevention and treatment of diabetes (7)
**Low sugar diet (check for molasses) **Test urine for BSL** **Weigh them regularly ** **Exercise wheel**** Water Comfy room temp Clean substrate
32
Ferret - Persistent oestrus - General info (2)
Sexually mature +/- 9 monts Induced ovulators
33
Stages of persistent oestrus (ferrets) 6
Not mated No ovulation Oestrogen levels remain high Bone marrow suppression Pancytopaenia Potentially fatal
34
Clinical signs of oestrus in ferrets (8)
**Swollen vulva** **Abdominal distension ** **Lethargy** **Increased respiratory rate**** Pale mucous membrane Bruising Petechia Alopecia
35
Treatment of persistent oestrus - ferrets (3)
Decrease oestrogen levels (drugs) Transfusion (if needed) Supportive care (Abx)
36
Prevention of persistent oestrus - ferrets (4)
Spaying (risk of Cushing) Implant Jill jab Vasectomised hob
37
Guinea pigs - Hypovitaminosis General (2)
Can't synthesise Vit C in their liver Need adequate amounts of Vit C in their diets
38
Guinea pigs - Hypovitaminosis Clinical signs (4)
**Swollen painful joints** **Lameness or shuffling gait** **Wound that struggle to heal** **Poor quality coat** Pain on handling Weakness/ lethargy/ depression Diarrhoea
39
Guinea pigs - Hypovitaminosis Treatment (2)
Vitamin C injection (then supplements) Pain relief Check if cause is elsewhere Comfy bedding
40
Guinea pigs - Hypovitaminosis Prevention (3)
Fresh greens high in Vit C Don't feed perishable pellets In water/ regular change
41
Guinea pigs - Pneumonia - General (3)
Most commonly bacterial pneumonia (Bordetella bronchiseptica) Infectious Animals in poor condition more susceptible
42
Guinea pigs - Pneumonia - Clinical signs (3)
Abnormal respiratory sounds Difficulty breathing Discharge from eyes and nose Anorexia Lethargy Can be fatal
43
Guinea pigs - Pneumonia - Treatments (4)
Abx Oxygen in severe cases Fluids & nutritional support Pain relief if uncomfortable Clean eyes and nose often Ventilation & dust free Vit C supplement
44
Guinea pigs - Pneumonia - Prevention (5)
Good husbandry Good diet Avoid overcrowding Avoid contact with dogs with KC Separate GP from others
45
Guinea pigs - Bladder stones - General
Urolithiasis Stones can be anywhere in UT Cause: excess calcium Mostly: middle-aged/ older GPs
46
Guinea pigs - Bladder stones - Clinical signs (4+4)
Blood in urine Strain to urinate Not passing urine at all (very urgent) Vocalisation during urination Hunched posture Loss of appetite Weight loss Lethargy
47
Guinea pigs - Bladder stones - Treatments (3+3)
No meds exist to dissolve Surgery is needed to remove stones Pain relief Antibiotics if underlying UTI Supportive care Recurrence = likely
48
Guinea pigs - Bladder stones - Prevention (4+3)
Fresh water Diet needs grass or Timothy hay Only minimal pellets Don't add calcium supplements to diet Clean cage regularly Avoid weight gain Encourage exercise
49
Hamsters - Pyometra (4)
Life threatening Infection in uterus Open or closed Can affect all ages -
50
Hamsters - Open Pyometra - Clinical signs (2+3)
**Discharge & blood from vulva** **Any blood needs checking (no mensies)** Irritable Hunched posture Anorexia
51
Hamsters - Closed Pyometra - Clinical signs (2+4)
No obvious early signs **Abdomen distended ** Anorexia Unrespsonsive Loss of balance Coma
52
Hamsters - Pyometra - Treatment (3)
Abx - Baytrill (temporary) Surgical removal (spay) Euthanasia optional
53
Hamsters - Pyometra - Prevention (2)
Spay not common for hamsters Monitor water intake
54
Rabbits - Ileus/ Gut stasis - General (4)
Fatal if left untreated Intestines stop moving food through Food can ferment and produce gas Nutrients/ fluids = not absorbed
55
Rabbits - Gut stasis - Clinical signs (3+3)
**Bloating** **Reduced/ no faecal output** **Abdominal pain** Anorexia Dehydration Depression
56
Rabbits - Gut stasis - Treatment (4+2)
**Fluids** **Drugs to stimulate gut motility** **High fibre (possibly syringe)** **Pain relief** Good nursing care Identify underlying cause
57
Rabbits - Gut stasis - Prevention (4+2)
**Diet** **Avoid food that can cause obstruction** **Avoid weight gain** **Groom long-haired rabbits often ** Regular vet checks (esp. dental) Prompt treatment if pain
58
Rabbits - Fly strike - General (5)
Common in summer months Can be very quick Flies come to sores, faeces, urine Flies lay eggs - maggots Maggots burrow + eat flesh of rabbit
59
Rabbits - Fly strike - Clinical signs (4+3)
**Wounds, especially around back end** **Bad smell** **Visible maggots** **Pain** Depression Shock Collapse
60
Rabbits - Fly strike - Treatment (4+3)
**Sedation & clip: remove all maggots** **Clean wounds & keep clean (rearguard)** **Abx** **Pain relief** Fluids Nutrition Treat underlying cause
61
Rabbits - Fly strike - Prevention (5)
**Rearguard** **Twice daily checks in summer** **Diet** **Clean/dry rabbits and environment** **Grooming**
62
Rabbits - Ear mites - General (3)
Psoroptes cuniculi Direct contact or via fomites Mites can survive away from host up to 3 weeks
63
Rabbits - Ear mites - Clinical signs (3)
**Crusty ears** **Head shaking or tilt** **Scratching of the ears** Head shyness May affect one of both ears Lesions may spread to face and body
64
Rabbits - Ear mites - Treatment (3)
**Ear cleaning & ear drops** **Pain relief** **Antiparasitic treatment** Clip claws Clean environment
65
Rabbits - Ear mites - Prevention (4)
Clean environments Ivermectin spot on (antiparisitic) Check new rabbits Monitor early signs of mites
66
Rabbit vaccinations
Myxomatosis Viral haemorrhagic disease
67
Rats & mice - Respiratory disease (3)
Common in rat and mice (rare in gerbils) Bacterial or viral If non-infectious - poor husbandry
68
Rats & mice - Respiratory disease - Clinical signs (5)
**Open mouth breathing & noisy** **Abdominal breathing patterns** **Dyspnoea** **Sneezing** **Nose and eyes: red + discharge** Abormal posture Poor coat condition Lethargy Reduced appetite/ anorexia
69
Rats & mice - Respiratory disease - Treatment (5)
**Isolate individual** **Oxygen** **Meds** **Fluids & nutritional support** **Minimal stress and handling** Dust-free bedding Euthanasia
70
Rats & mice - Respiratory disease - Prevention (6)
Ventilation Dust free bedding/subsrate Cleaning Avoid overcrowding Good quality diet Monitor for early signs of disease and isolate if affected
71
Sugar gliders - Metabolic bone disease (2)
Bones lose density & become soft Cause: low calcium & vitamin D = rickets for ppl
72
Sugar gliders - Metabolic bone disease - Clinical signs (6)
Deformities Thickening of bones Lameness/ weakness Fractures Muscle tremors Pain Seizures Underweight/ small for age
73
Sugar gliders - Metabolic bone disease - Treatment
**X rays (diagnostics)** **Pain relief** **Calcium & Vit D supplements** Cage rest Minimise handling Changes to skeleton likely to be permanent
74
Sugar gliders - Metabolic bone disease - Prevention
Limit fruit intake Diet: primarily insects or insectivore mix Calcium & Vit D supplements or Gut-loaded insects
75
Rodents and rabbits - Dental disease Causes (4)
Congenital/ acquired Inability to gnaw Incorrect nutrition Trauma
76
Rodents and rabbits - Dental disease Clinical signs (5)
Overgrown/ misaligned incisors Salivation Swelling/ abscesses Eye discharge Less grooming Anorexia
77
Rodents and rabbits - Dental disease Treatment (3)
Sedation/ GA (burring) Further investigate root Abx/ Painkillers (maybe)
78
Rodents and rabbits - Dental disease Prevention (4)
Correct nutrients Grass/hay Chance to gnaw Regular checks
79
Ferrets & Hedgehogs - Dental disease Causes (4)
Trauma Soft foods Old age Other diseases
80
Ferrets & Hedgehogs - Dental disease Clinical signs (5)
Gingivitis Smelly breath Tartar Broken teeth Anorexia
81
Ferrets & Hedgehogs - Dental disease Treatment (2)
Scale & polish (GA) Possibly removal
82
Ferrets & Hedgehogs - Dental disease Prevention (4)
Tooth brushing Water additives Dental chews Hard food
83
Hedgehog - Wobbly hedgehog syndrome - General (4)
Degenerative neurolog. disease Myelin of nerve fibres Affects mostly african pygmy Diet may play a role
84
Hedgehog - Wobbly hedgehog syndrome - Clinical signs (7)
Can't ball up Tremors Falling to 1 side Muscle weakness Difficulty swallowing/eating Complete paralysis Seizures Usually before 2yo
85
Hedgehog - Wobbly hedgehog syndrome - Treatment (2)
No successful treatments Supportive care (Physiotherapy/ massage & Vitamin E) Euthanasia when QOL deteriorates
86
Hedgehog - Wobbly hedgehog syndrome - Prevention
Careful & ethical breeding

Small mammals (6 decks)

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