Assessment 3 - Small animal - Diseases Flashcards

Question

Chipmunk - Respiratory infections - Prevention (3)

Answer 1

No dusty substrates Ventilation Stuff to gnaw

Answer 2

Abscess Tumour Impaction Prolapse

Answer 3

Cheek pouches appear full (long periods) One cheek appears full Salivation Pawing at mouth Anorexia Pink tissue visible to corner of mouth (prolapse)

Answer 4

Check enclosure for sharp objects Avoid food with sharp edges Avoid cotton wool

Answer 5

Keep wild instincts in captivity & Easily stressed Circling Aggression Identify issue + remove potential stressors

Answer 6

Weight loss PUPD Cataracts (after 4 weeks) Weak immune system - infections

Answer 7

Low sugar diet (check for molasses) Test urine for BSL Weigh them regularly Exercise wheel Water Comfy room temp Clean substrate

Answer 8

Persistent oestrus Sexually mature +/- 9 months Induced ovulators

Answer 9

Not mated No ovulation Oestrogen levels remain high Bone marrow suppression Pancytopaenia Potentially fatal

Answer 10

Swollen vulva Abdominal distension Lethargy Increased respiratory rate Pale mucous membrane Bruising Petechia Alopecia

Answer 11

Decrease oestrogen levels (drugs) Transfusion (if needed) Supportive care (Abx)

Answer 12

Spaying (risk of Cushing) Implant Jill jab Vasectomised hob

Answer 13

Can't synthesise Vit C in their liver Need adequate amounts of Vit C in their diets

Answer 14

Swollen painful joints Lameness or shuffling gait Wound that struggle to heal Poor quality coat Pain on handling Weakness/ lethargy/ depression Diarrhoea

Answer 15

Daily Vit C for a week Ongoing Vit C supplementation Pain relief Check if cause is elsewhere Comfy bedding

Answer 16

Fresh greens high in Vit C Don't feed perishable pellets In water/ regular change

Answer 17

Most commonly bacterial pneumonia (Bordetella bronchiseptica) Infectious Animals in poor condition more susceptible

Answer 18

Abnormal respiratory sounds Difficulty breathing Discharge from eyes and nose Anorexia Lethargy Can be fatal

Answer 19

Abx Oxygen in severe cases Fluids & nutritional support Pain relief if uncomfortable Clean eyes and nose often Ventilation & dust free Vit C supplement

Answer 20

Good husbandry Good diet Avoid overcrowding Avoid contact with dogs with KC Separate GP from others

Answer 21

Urolithiasis Stones can be anywhere in UT Cause: excess calcium Mostly: middle-aged/ older GPs

Answer 22

Blood in urine Strain to urinate Not passing urine at all (very urgent) Vocalisation during urination Hunched posture Loss of appetite Weight loss Lethargy

Answer 23

No meds exist to dissolve Surgery is needed to remove stones Pain relief Antibiotics if underlying UTI Supportive care Recurrence = likely

Answer 24

Fresh water Diet needs grass or Timothy hay Only minimal pellets Don't add calcium supplements to diet Clean cage regularly Avoid weight gain Encourage exercise

Answer 25

Life threatening Infection in uterus Open or closed Can affect all ages - whether they have had pregnancies or not

Answer 26

Cervix is open Discharge & blood from vulva Any blood needs checking (no mensies) Irritable Hunched posture Anorexia

Answer 27

Cervix closed Bacteria in uterus causes infection Blood and pus accumulate Abdomen distended Can move across uterine wall Signs of sepais Uterine rupture Can be fatal

Answer 28

Abx - Baytrill (temporary) Surgical removal (spay) Older females more at risk Closed pyometra more complicated Euthanasia optional

Answer 29

Spay not common for hamsters Monitor water intake

Answer 30

Fatal if left untreated Intestines stop moving food through Food can ferment and produce gas Nutrients/ fluids = not absorbed

Answer 31

Anorexia Reduced/ no faecal output Dehydration Depression Abdominal pain Bloating

Answer 32

Fluids Drugs to stimulate gut motility High fibre (possibly syringe) Pain relief Good nursing care Identify underlying cause

Answer 33

Diet Avoid food that can cause obstruction Avoid weight gain Groom long-haired rabbits often Changes gradual Stress free if possible Regular vet checks (esp. dental) Prompt treatment if pain

Answer 34

Common in summer months Can be very quick Flies come to sores, faeces, urine Flies lay eggs - maggots Maggots burrow + eat flesh of rabbit

Answer 35

Wounds, especially around back end Bad smell Visible maggots Pain Depression Shock Collapse

Answer 36

Emergency vet treatment Sedation & clip: remove all maggots Clean wounds & keep clean (rearguard) Abx Pain relief Fluids Nutrition Treat underlying cause

Answer 37

Twice daily checks in summer Diet Clean/dry rabbits and environment Grooming Rearguard Avoid weight gain Keep wound clean and ry Prompt vet treatment for wounds, urinary problems or diarrhoea Medication to manage any arthritis

Answer 38

Otodichtes Psoroptes cuniculi Transmission: direct contact or via fomites Mites can survive away from host up to 3 weeks

Answer 39

Head shaking Scratching of the ears Head shyness Crusty ears Head tilt May affect one of both ears Lesions may spread to face and body

Answer 40

Regular ear cleaning Clip claws Clean environment Antiparasitic treatment - for all rabbits of household Ear drops Pain relief

Answer 41

Clean environments Ivermectin spot on Check new rabbits for parasites before joining in other rabbits Monitor early signs of mites

Answer 42

Myxomatosis Viral haemorrhagic disease

Answer 43

Common in rat and mice (rare in gerbils) Caused by infection disease - bacterial or viral Non-infectious - poor husbandry

Answer 44

Poor coat condition Lethargy Reduced appetite/ anorexia Red staining (nose and eyes) Discharge from eyes or nose Sneezing Dyspnoea Abdominal breathing patterns Abormal posture Noisy breathing Open mouth breathing

Answer 45

Isolate individual individual Fluids & nutritional support Minimal stress and handling Oxygen-enriched environment Dust-free bedding Meds Euthanasia

Answer 46

Well-ventilated enclosure Absorbent, dust-free bedding and substrate Spot clean daily, deep clean at least weekly Avoid overcrowding Good quality diet Monitor for early signs of disease and isolate if affected

Answer 47

Bones lose density & become soft Cause: nutritional imbalance: low calcium and low vitamin D Also common in reptiles (Rickets in people)

Answer 48

Pain Lameness Weakness Thickening of bones Deformities Fractures Muscle tremors Seizures Underweight/ small for age

Answer 49

X rays (diagnostics) Pain relief Calcium & Vit D supplements Cage rest Minimise handling Changes to skeleton likely to be permanent

Answer 50

Limit fruit intake Feed diet of primarily insects or insectivore mix Calcium & Vit D supplements but may affect palatability Gut-loaded insects

Answer 51

Congenital/ acquired Inability to gnaw Incorrect nutrition Trauma

Answer 52

Anorexia Excessive salivation Swelling/ abscesses Eye discharge Less grooming Overgrown/ misaligned incisors

Answer 53

No clipping Sedation/ GA (burring) Further investigate root Abx/ Painkillers (maybe)

Answer 54

Correct nutrients Grass/hay Chance to gnaw Regular checks Regular vet checks Avoid breeding if previous issues

Answer 55

Trauma Soft foods Old age Other diseases

Answer 56

Gingivitis Smelly breath Tartar Broken teeth Anorexia

Answer 57

Scale & polish (GA) Possibly removal

Answer 58

Tooth brushing Water additives Dental chews Hard food

Answer 59

Degenerative neurolog. disease Myelin of nerve fibres Possibly genetic Affects mostly african pygmy Diet may play a role

Answer 60

Usually before 2yo Can't ball up Tremors Falling to 1 side Muscle weakness Difficulty swallowing/eating Complete paralysis Seizures

Answer 61

No successful treatments Supportive care Physiotherapy/ massage Vitamin E Euthanasia when QOL deteriorates

Answer 62

Careful & ethical breeding