Assessing the Eyes

Question 1

what should you do before assessing the eyes

Answer 1

Ask patient to remove their glasses if they wear any

Question 2

How to access the pupils for a stroke

Answer 2

 if pupils do not adjust to light and other eyesight tests

Question 3

what could it possibly mean if pupils measure at 9 mm?

Answer 3

The patient is having a stroke

Question 4

what could it possibly mean if pupils measure at 1 mm?

Answer 4

The patient is high

Question 5

What is the sclera?

Answer 5

White area surrounding the eye

Question 6

what should the sclera normally look like?

Answer 6

Moist, glossy and clear. White in patients who have lighter skin tones and can be slightly yellow and people who have darker skin tones.

Question 7

What is the conjunctiva?

Answer 7

A membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and also covers the front part of the eye

Question 8

what should the conjunctiva look like?

Answer 8

Pink and clear without lesions or Adema

Question 9

What is the normal resting pupil size

Answer 9

3 to 5 mm

Question 10

What is ectropion?

Answer 10

when the loss of tissue elasticity associated with aging causes the eyelid to lie lower and turned outward

Question 11

what is entropion

Answer 11

An inversion of the lower eyelid that can be expected with aging

Question 12

what is arcus senilis

Answer 12

An opaque ring around the edge of the cornea caused by lipid deposits that can be found in older adults

Question 13

what is exophthalmus?

Answer 13

Bulging eyes

Question 14

what is strabismus/pseudostrabismus?

Answer 14

Crossed eyes

Question 15

what is temporal canthus and what can it indicate?

Answer 15

eyebrows not extending beyond the outside of the eye, which can indicate an endocrine disorder

Question 16

what can be assumed if client is unable to move their brows?

Answer 16

chance of Facial nerve damage

Question 17

What can edema of the eyelids indicate?

Answer 17

Trauma, or kidney or cardiac disease

Question 18

what will the square look like in a patient who has liver disease?

Answer 18

Yellow or green

Question 19

what can a yellow or green sclera indicate

Answer 19

Liver disease

Question 20

what is conjunctivitis?

Answer 20

And inflammation of the conjunctiva, causing redness and drainage usually the result of a bacterial or viral infection, allergy or chemical injury to the

Question 21

what can cloudy pupils indicate

Answer 21

Presence of cataracts, or a loss of transparency of the lens of the eye, which impairs the clients vision

Question 22

What is the medial canthus?

Answer 22

The inner eye where tears drain

Question 23

How many muscles are there that control eye-movement

Answer 23

Six

Question 24

how does the eye stay moist?

Answer 24

Lacrimal glands, which give moisture and eyelids, which contain moisture

Question 25

what is the leading cause of blindness in the US?

Answer 25

Cataracts

Question 26

how often should you see the eye doctor?

Answer 26

Once a year for adults with good eyes twice a year for adults with bad eyes

Question 27

what is presbyopia?

Answer 27

Farsightedness that occurs in older adults over 45 years of age due to lack of elasticity in lens

Question 28

what is the Snellen chart?

Answer 28

Chart that is far away to test vision/farsightedness

Question 29

in what case would we use a Snellen E chart?

Answer 29

When a patient can’t read

Question 30

how far away should the patient stand from the Snellen chart?

Answer 30

20 feet

Question 31

What is the Rosenbaum chart?

Answer 31

Used to test for nearsightedness, patient stands 14 inches away

Question 32

what is the Ishihara test?

Answer 32

To test for color blindness

Question 33

how do you test for Corneal light reflex?

Answer 33

Light shined on forehead, the reflection should be the same for both eyes

Question 34

what are rods in the eye responsible for?

Answer 34

Peripheral vision, vision in low light and are more sensitive to light than cones

Question 35

what are cones in the eye responsible for?

Answer 35

Color

Question 36

What is Pinguecula?

Answer 36

yellowish nodules on bulbar conjunctiva, usually first on medial side, and then a lateral side of iris

Question 37

what is the Amsler chart?

Answer 37

Test used to test site with grid and door in the middle, should be held 14 inches away from your face

Question 38

what is open-angle glaucoma?

Answer 38

Patchy blind spots in the peripheral or central vision, tunnel vision

Question 39

what is acute angle – closure glaucoma?

Answer 39

Severe headache, eye pain, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, halos around lights, eye redness

Question 40

What is the macula?

Answer 40

The central area of the retina

Question 41

What is macular degeneration?

Answer 41

Deterioration of the macula

Question 42

what is the leading cause of vision loss in Americans over 60 years?

Answer 42

Macular degeneration

Question 43

What can macular degeneration resultant

Answer 43

Blind spots and blurred or distorted vision

Question 44

what is the leading cause of blindness?

Answer 44

Cataracts

Question 45

define esotropia

Answer 45

eye turns inward

Question 46

define extropia

Answer 46

eye turns outward

Question 47

what is miosis

Answer 47

excessive constriction of the pupil of the eye

Question 48

what is anisocoria

Answer 48

Condition characterized by unequal pupil sizes

Question 49

what does PERRLA stand for?

Answer 49

P: pupils clear E: Equal and between 3-7 mm in diameter R: round RL: reactive to light simultaneously A: accommodation of the pupils when they dilate to look at an object far away and then coverage and construct to focus on a near object

Question 50

What should you expect from the fluid that comes from the lacrimal ducts?

Answer 50

It is clear

Question 51

What does it mean when the pupil dilates?

Answer 51

it  gets bigger

Question 52

what does it mean when the pupil constricts?

Answer 52

It gets smaller

Question 53

What is it called when you ask a patient to follow your finger in six directions

Answer 53

The six Cardinal positions of gaze