Assessing the Eyes Flashcards
what should you do before assessing the eyes
Ask patient to remove their glasses if they wear any
How to access the pupils for a stroke
 if pupils do not adjust to light and other eyesight tests
what could it possibly mean if pupils measure at 9 mm?
The patient is having a stroke
what could it possibly mean if pupils measure at 1 mm?
The patient is high
What is the sclera?
White area surrounding the eye
what should the sclera normally look like?
Moist, glossy and clear. White in patients who have lighter skin tones and can be slightly yellow and people who have darker skin tones.
What is the conjunctiva?
A membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and also covers the front part of the eye
what should the conjunctiva look like?
Pink and clear without lesions or Adema
What is the normal resting pupil size
3 to 5 mm
What is ectropion?
when the loss of tissue elasticity associated with aging causes the eyelid to lie lower and turned outward
what is entropion
An inversion of the lower eyelid that can be expected with aging
what is arcus senilis
An opaque ring around the edge of the cornea caused by lipid deposits that can be found in older adults
what is exophthalmus?
Bulging eyes
what is strabismus/pseudostrabismus?
Crossed eyes
what is temporal canthus and what can it indicate?
eyebrows not extending beyond the outside of the eye, which can indicate an endocrine disorder
what can be assumed if client is unable to move their brows?
chance of Facial nerve damage
What can edema of the eyelids indicate?
Trauma, or kidney or cardiac disease
what will the square look like in a patient who has liver disease?
Yellow or green
what can a yellow or green sclera indicate
Liver disease
what is conjunctivitis?
And inflammation of the conjunctiva, causing redness and drainage usually the result of a bacterial or viral infection, allergy or chemical injury to the
what can cloudy pupils indicate
Presence of cataracts, or a loss of transparency of the lens of the eye, which impairs the clients vision
What is the medial canthus?
The inner eye where tears drain
How many muscles are there that control eye-movement
Six
how does the eye stay moist?
Lacrimal glands, which give moisture and eyelids, which contain moisture
what is the leading cause of blindness in the US?
Cataracts
how often should you see the eye doctor?
Once a year for adults with good eyes twice a year for adults with bad eyes
what is presbyopia?
Farsightedness that occurs in older adults over 45 years of age due to lack of elasticity in lens
what is the Snellen chart?
Chart that is far away to test vision/farsightedness
in what case would we use a Snellen E chart?
When a patient can’t read
how far away should the patient stand from the Snellen chart?
20 feet
What is the Rosenbaum chart?
Used to test for nearsightedness, patient stands 14 inches away
what is the Ishihara test?
To test for color blindness
how do you test for Corneal light reflex?
Light shined on forehead, the reflection should be the same for both eyes
what are rods in the eye responsible for?
Peripheral vision, vision in low light and are more sensitive to light than cones
what are cones in the eye responsible for?
Color
What is Pinguecula?
yellowish nodules on bulbar conjunctiva, usually first on medial side, and then a lateral side of iris
what is the Amsler chart?
Test used to test site with grid and door in the middle, should be held 14 inches away from your face
what is open-angle glaucoma?
Patchy blind spots in the peripheral or central vision, tunnel vision
what is acute angle – closure glaucoma?
Severe headache, eye pain, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, halos around lights, eye redness
What is the macula?
The central area of the retina
What is macular degeneration?
Deterioration of the macula
what is the leading cause of vision loss in Americans over 60 years?
Macular degeneration
What can macular degeneration resultant
Blind spots and blurred or distorted vision
what is the leading cause of blindness?
Cataracts
define esotropia
eye turns inward
define extropia
eye turns outward
what is miosis
excessive constriction of the pupil of the eye
what is anisocoria
Condition characterized by unequal pupil sizes
what does PERRLA stand for?
P: pupils clear
E: Equal and between 3-7 mm in diameter
R: round
RL: reactive to light simultaneously
A: accommodation of the pupils when they dilate to look at an object far away and then coverage and construct to focus on a near object
What should you expect from the fluid that comes from the lacrimal ducts?
It is clear
What does it mean when the pupil dilates?
it  gets bigger
what does it mean when the pupil constricts?
It gets smaller
What is it called when you ask a patient to follow your finger in six directions
The six Cardinal positions of gaze
