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Health Assessment NUR302 (12/22) > Assessing the Eyes > Flashcards

Assessing the Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

what should you do before assessing the eyes

A

Ask patient to remove their glasses if they wear any

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2
Q

How to access the pupils for a stroke

A

 if pupils do not adjust to light and other eyesight tests

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3
Q

what could it possibly mean if pupils measure at 9 mm?

A

The patient is having a stroke

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4
Q

what could it possibly mean if pupils measure at 1 mm?

A

The patient is high

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5
Q

What is the sclera?

A

White area surrounding the eye

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6
Q

what should the sclera normally look like?

A

Moist, glossy and clear. White in patients who have lighter skin tones and can be slightly yellow and people who have darker skin tones.

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7
Q

What is the conjunctiva?

A

A membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and also covers the front part of the eye

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8
Q

what should the conjunctiva look like?

A

Pink and clear without lesions or Adema

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9
Q

What is the normal resting pupil size

A

3 to 5 mm

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10
Q

What is ectropion?

A

when the loss of tissue elasticity associated with aging causes the eyelid to lie lower and turned outward

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11
Q

what is entropion

A

An inversion of the lower eyelid that can be expected with aging

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12
Q

what is arcus senilis

A

An opaque ring around the edge of the cornea caused by lipid deposits that can be found in older adults

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13
Q

what is exophthalmus?

A

Bulging eyes

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14
Q

what is strabismus/pseudostrabismus?

A

Crossed eyes

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15
Q

what is temporal canthus and what can it indicate?

A

eyebrows not extending beyond the outside of the eye, which can indicate an endocrine disorder

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16
Q

what can be assumed if client is unable to move their brows?

A

chance of Facial nerve damage

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17
Q

What can edema of the eyelids indicate?

A

Trauma, or kidney or cardiac disease

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18
Q

what will the square look like in a patient who has liver disease?

A

Yellow or green

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19
Q

what can a yellow or green sclera indicate

A

Liver disease

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20
Q

what is conjunctivitis?

A

And inflammation of the conjunctiva, causing redness and drainage usually the result of a bacterial or viral infection, allergy or chemical injury to the

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21
Q

what can cloudy pupils indicate

A

Presence of cataracts, or a loss of transparency of the lens of the eye, which impairs the clients vision

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22
Q

What is the medial canthus?

A

The inner eye where tears drain

23
Q

How many muscles are there that control eye-movement

A

Six

24
Q

how does the eye stay moist?

A

Lacrimal glands, which give moisture and eyelids, which contain moisture

25
Q

what is the leading cause of blindness in the US?

A

Cataracts

26
Q

how often should you see the eye doctor?

A

Once a year for adults with good eyes twice a year for adults with bad eyes

27
Q

what is presbyopia?

A

Farsightedness that occurs in older adults over 45 years of age due to lack of elasticity in lens

28
Q

what is the Snellen chart?

A

Chart that is far away to test vision/farsightedness

29
Q

in what case would we use a Snellen E chart?

A

When a patient can’t read

30
Q

how far away should the patient stand from the Snellen chart?

A

20 feet

31
Q

What is the Rosenbaum chart?

A

Used to test for nearsightedness, patient stands 14 inches away

32
Q

what is the Ishihara test?

A

To test for color blindness

33
Q

how do you test for Corneal light reflex?

A

Light shined on forehead, the reflection should be the same for both eyes

34
Q

what are rods in the eye responsible for?

A

Peripheral vision, vision in low light and are more sensitive to light than cones

35
Q

what are cones in the eye responsible for?

A

Color

36
Q

What is Pinguecula?

A

yellowish nodules on bulbar conjunctiva, usually first on medial side, and then a lateral side of iris

37
Q

what is the Amsler chart?

A

Test used to test site with grid and door in the middle, should be held 14 inches away from your face

38
Q

what is open-angle glaucoma?

A

Patchy blind spots in the peripheral or central vision, tunnel vision

39
Q

what is acute angle – closure glaucoma?

A

Severe headache, eye pain, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, halos around lights, eye redness

40
Q

What is the macula?

A

The central area of the retina

41
Q

What is macular degeneration?

A

Deterioration of the macula

42
Q

what is the leading cause of vision loss in Americans over 60 years?

A

Macular degeneration

43
Q

What can macular degeneration resultant

A

Blind spots and blurred or distorted vision

44
Q

what is the leading cause of blindness?

A

Cataracts

45
Q

define esotropia

A

eye turns inward

46
Q

define extropia

A

eye turns outward

47
Q

what is miosis

A

excessive constriction of the pupil of the eye

48
Q

what is anisocoria

A

Condition characterized by unequal pupil sizes

49
Q

what does PERRLA stand for?

A

P: pupils clear
E: Equal and between 3-7 mm in diameter
R: round
RL: reactive to light simultaneously
A: accommodation of the pupils when they dilate to look at an object far away and then coverage and construct to focus on a near object

50
Q

What should you expect from the fluid that comes from the lacrimal ducts?

A

It is clear

51
Q

What does it mean when the pupil dilates?

A

it  gets bigger

52
Q

what does it mean when the pupil constricts?

A

It gets smaller

53
Q

What is it called when you ask a patient to follow your finger in six directions

A

The six Cardinal positions of gaze

Health Assessment NUR302 (12/22) (5 decks)

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