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Health Assessment NUR302 (12/22) > Assessing the Abdomen > Flashcards

Assessing the Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

in what quadrant is the stomach located in?

A

Left upper quadrant

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2
Q

in what quadrant is the gallbladder located in

A

Right upper quadrant

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3
Q

In what quadrant is the appendix located in?

A

Right lower quadrant

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4
Q

In what quadrant is the ascending colon in?

A

Right lower quadrant

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5
Q

in what quadrant is the descending and sigmoid colon in

A

Left lower quadrant

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6
Q

in what quadrant is the pancreas in

A

Left upper quadrant

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7
Q

In what quadrant is the spleen in

A

Left upper quadrant

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8
Q

what major structures are located on the midline

A

Bladder, uterus, prostate gland

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9
Q

what is the purpose of the abdominal muscles

A

to protect internal organs, allowed normal compression to organs during functional activities

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10
Q

What is parietal peritoneum?

A

Serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

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11
Q

what is visceral peritoneum?

A

Protective covering for most internal organs

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12
Q

what organs are solid viscera?

A

The liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, ovaries, uterus

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13
Q

what organs are hollow viscera?

A

Stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, bladder

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14
Q

what are keloids

A

Excessive scar tissue resulting from trauma or surgery. More common in African-Americans and Asians.

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15
Q

what is important to do before assessing the abdomen for objective data

A

Have patient empty the bladder, put on gown

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16
Q

What is an indicator of cholecystitis?

A

Pain or tenderness in the right upper quadrant

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17
Q

What is an indicator for appendicitis?

A

Psoas sign and obturator sign

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18
Q

What is Psoas sign?

A

pain in right lower quadrant when leg is hyper extended.

19
Q

What is obturator sign?

A

Pain in right lower quadrant when hip/knee or flexed/leg is rotated

20
Q

what is rousing sign?

A

Pain in right lower quadrant when pressure on left lower quadrant

21
Q

What is Blumberg sign?

A

pain or tenderness, one tests for rebound tenderness by palpating deeply at 90° into abdomen between umbilicus and anterior iliac crest

22
Q

what is Murphy’s sign? And what is it used to test for?

A

Pain when pressure applied under liver border of right costal margin, and patient inhales deeply. Used to test for cholecystitis.

23
Q

What is peptic ulcer disease?

A

An open sore that forms in the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine that can be painful and bleed

24
Q

what are the symptoms of peptic ulcer disease?

A

Although there is a wide variety, patients usually feel burning sensation, chest pain, fatigue, weight loss, black and tarry stools, vomiting. Symptoms get worse on an empty stomach.

25
Q

what is medication treatment for peptic ulcer disease?

A

NSAIDS, steroids, anticoagulants, low-dose, aspirin, SSRIs, alendronate, risedronate

26
Q

what are other control the factors for treating peptic ulcer disease?

A

Avoid stress, avoid alcohol

27
Q

What are noncontrollable factors of peptic ulcer disease?

A

presence of H. pylori and G.I. tract, genetics, radiation treatments, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

28
Q

What is Zollinger Ellison syndrome?

A

Rare tumor in the pancreas

29
Q

what is gastroesophageal reflux disease?

A

Stomach or gastric acid flow back into esophagus which overtime causes irritation, and can erode tissue leading to scarring and narrowing of esophagus, Barrett esophagus, or cancer

30
Q

what are symptoms of GERD

A

Hoarseness, laryngitis, chronic dry, cough, asthma, lump in throat, feeling sudden increase in saliva, halitosis, your aches, and sudden chest pain/discomfort

31
Q

what are risk factors of GERD?

A

Obesity, genetics, pregnancy, diabetes, asthma, eating large meals, spicy/fried foods and some medications

32
Q

what medication can cause gastroesophageal reflux disease?

A

aspirin, pain medication, antidepressants, asthma meds, hypertension meds

33
Q

what is ascites?

A

Excessive abdominal fluid

34
Q

what is the best position for a patient to assess their abdomen?

A

Lying supine on the exam table with their head on a pillow and knees slightly bent to help their muscles relax.

35
Q

what are some visual unexpected findings when assessing the abdomen?

A

-A yellow hue skin color
-glistening or taught skin
-purple or pink striae
-Dilated veins

36
Q

what can be glistening or taut skin be attributed to in the abdomen?

A

Fluid buildup in the abdomen, or ascitis

37
Q

what can dilated veins in the abdomen mean?

A

Presence of liver disease

38
Q

What is cholecystitis?

A

inflammation of the gallbladder 

39
Q

where are the kidneys located?

A

under the lower ribs in the back

40
Q

what is flank pain and what can it be due to?

A

kidney pain, holding for urine too long/trauma/muscularskeletal back pain not associated with kidneys

41
Q

when should someone see a dr for flank pain?

A

immediately is blood is passed in urine, pain is sudden/severe, or fever/chills develop

make an appt if one side pain becomes constant or worse, experience body aches, or recently had a UTI

42
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Makes insulin

43
Q

What is jaundice?

A

Buildup of ammonia

44
Q

What are ways to test for appendicitis?

A

sore abdomen, diaphragm will hurt, very low O2

Health Assessment NUR302 (12/22) (5 decks)

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