assessing skin, hair, and nails Flashcards
consists of the skin, hair, and nails, which are external structures that serve a variety of specialized functions.
integumentary systtem
4 distinct layers of the skin
stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum and germinativum
2 internal structures of the skin
- sebaceous glands
- sweat glands
3 layers of the skin
epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue
2 typers of hair
vellus hair
terminal hair
short, pale fins and present over much of the body
vellus hair (peachfuzz)
longer, generally darker and coarser (eyebrows, scalp)
terminal hair
hard, transparent plates of keratinized epidermal cells that grow from the cuticle
nails
crescent shaped area located at the base
lunula
extends over the ENTIRE nail bed and has a pink tinge (blood vessel under)
nail body
other term for tinea capitis
scalp ringworm
other name for patchy hair loss
Alopecia areata
what is a warty of crusty pigmented lesion?
seborrheic keratosis
what is the depigmentation of the skin. discolored areas get bigger in time
vitiligo
other name for stretch marks
striae
flat, small macules of oigment that appear following sun exposure
freckles
body’s way of healing damaged skin
scar
small raised spots (1-5mm wide) typically seen with aging
cherry angiomas
raised papule with a depressed center
cutaneous tag
shaped skin protrusions, often keratinized, arising from various underlying lesions.
cutaneous horn
what stage of pressure injury has non-blanchable erythema or intact skin
stage 1 non blanchable erythema of intact skin
stage of pressure injury that has partial-thickness loss of skin with exposed dermis
stage 2 partial-thickness skin loss with exposed dermis
stage of pressure injury that has full-thickness loss of skin in which adipose (fat) is visible in the ulcer and granulation tissue and epibole (rolled wound edges) are often present.
Stage 3: full thickness skin loss
full thickness skin and tissue loss with exposed or directyle palpable fascia, muscle, tendon, ligament, cartilage or bone in the ulcer
stage 4 pressure injury: full-thickness and tissue loss
full thickness skin and tissue loss in which the extent of tissue damage within the ulser cannot be confirmed because it is obscured by slough or eschar
unstageable pressure injury: obscured full-thickness skin and tissue loss
have a circumscribed border and are LESS than 0.5 cm
papule (elevated nevi,, warts, and lichen planus)
are GREATER than 0.5cm and may be coalesced papules w flat top
plaques (psoriosis vulgaris)
elevated mass w transient border that are often irregular. caused by movement of serous fluid into dermis; it does not contain free fluid in cavity eg vesicles, insect bites
wheal
pus-filled vesicle or bulla eg. acne, impetigo, furnucles and carbunucles
pustule
this extends deeper into dermis than a papule. Are 0.5-2cm and circumscribed
nodules
are greater than 1 to 2 cm and do not always have sharp borders eg. keloid, lipoma, SCC
tumor
are less than 0.5cm; bullas are greater than 0.5cm eg. herpes simplex/zoster varicella eg. chickecn pox
vesicles
encapsulated flui-filled or semisolid mass that is located in the subcutaneous tissue or dermis
cyst
skin loss. extending past epidermis with necrotic tissue loss (death of cells). bleeding and scarring are possible
ulcer
skin mark left after healing of wound or lesion that represent the replacement by connective tissue of the injured tissue
scar (cicatrix)
linear crack in the skin that may extend to DERMIS and may be painful (chapped lips, athlete’s foot)
fissure
lesions associated with bleeding, aging, circulatory conditions, diabeter
vascular skin lesions
Round red or purple macule that is 1 to 2 mm in size. It is secondary to blood extravasation and associated with bleeding tendencies or emboli to skin.
PETECHIA
Round or irregular macular lesion that is larger than petechial lesion. The color varies and changes: black, yellow, and green hues.
ECCHYMOSIS
A localized collection of blood creating an elevated ecchymosis. It is associated with trauma.
hematoma
Papular and round, red or purple lesion found on the trunk or extremities. It may blanch with pressure.
cherry angiomas
Red arteriole lesion with a central body with radiating branches. rare below the waist
spider angioma
Bluish or red lesion with varying shape (spider-like or linear) found on the legs and anterior chest. It does not blanch when pressure is applied.
TELANGIECTASIS
diamater that is greater than in and mm is what to look for in skin cancer
1/4 in or 6mm
major cause of morbidity and mortality
pressure injuries
used to assess skin sore
braden scale
used tool to assess pressure ulcer
PUSH tool (Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing)
Adipose (fat) is not visible and deeper tissues are not visible. Granulation tissue, slough and eschar are not present. These injuries commonly result from adverse microclimate and shear in the skin over the pelvis and shear in the heel.
stage 2: partial thickness skin loss w exposed DERMIS
involves inflammation of hair follicles, often presenting as small, itchy, pus-filled bumps, and can be caused by bacterial infection, ingrown hairs,
folliculitis of the scalp
patchy hair loss
alopecia areata
Slough and/or eschar may be visible. Epibole (rolled edges), undermining and/or tunneling often occur.
Stage 4: full thickness skin an tissue loss
