Assessing Nose Flashcards
● Sense organ for detecting and processing odors
● Also serves as the entrance to the respiratory
tract and contains the olfactory organ
Nose
bone and film cartilage (nasal cavities)
Septum
Hollow spaces
Nasal cavity
What are the sinuses
Frontal
Ethmoid
Maxillary
Sphenoid
Inflamed, obstructed sinuses
Sinusitis
3 parts of the external nose
Nasal bones
Frontal processes of maxilla
Nasal part of frontal bone
The framework is formed of plates of
Hyaline cartilage
The skin of the external nose is supplied by the branches of the
ophthalmic and the maxillary arteries
The skin of the ala and the lower part of the septum are supplied by the branches from the
facial artery
The infratrochlear and external nasal
branches of the ophthalmic nerve (CN V) and the inorbital branch of the maxillary nerve (CN V).
Nerve supply of the external nose
Each of the two narrow, curled, spongy bones protruding from the nasal cavity walls in the human nose is referred to as
nasal conchae of nasal turbinate.
Covered in thick mucus membranes the ____ are responsible for regulating the airflow through the nasal passages
nasal conchae
curved, bony structures protruding from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
Nasal conchae
It is composed of bone and cartilage and is lined with __.
mucous membrane
The external nose consists of a bridge (upper portion), tip, and two oval openings called __.
nares
The ___ is located between the roof of the mouth and the cranium. It extends from the anterior nares (nostrils) to the posterior nares, which open into the nasopharynx.
nasal cavity
The ___ separates the cavity into two halves.
It has osseous and cartilaginous parts
Consists of the
> perpendicular plate (ethmoid)
> vomer
> septal cartilage
nasal septum
The front of the nasal septum contains a rich supply of blood vessels and is known as __. This is a common site for nasal bleeding.
Kiesselbach area
The superior, middle, and inferior turbinates are bony lobes,
- sometimes called ___, that project from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.
These three turbinates increase the surface area that is exposed to incoming air (Fig. 18-4).
conchae
As the person inspires air, nasal hairs ( ____ ) filter large particles from the air.
vibrissae
___ then capture and propel debris toward the throat, where it is swallowed.
Ciliated mucosal cells
The rich blood supply of the nose warms the inspired air as it is moistened by the ___.
mucous membrane
A __ underlies each turbinate and receives drainage from the paranasal sinuses and the nasolacrimal duct.
The space below each concha
meatus
Receptors for the first cranial nerve (olfactory) are located in the upper part of the
nasal cavity and septum.
These air-filled cavities decrease the weight of the skull and act as resonance chambers during speech.
Sinuses
The ___ are also lined with a ciliated mucous membrane that traps debris and propels it toward the outside.
paranasal sinuses
The ___ are often a primary site of infection because they can easily become blocked.
sinuses
Test is only done if there is a loss of smell, head trauma, abnormal mental status, and suspected intracranial lesions.
Smell test
High olfactory acuity (Addison’s Disease)
Hyperosmia
Low olfactory acuity (Common
cold)
Hyposmia
No sense of smell (Head trauma)
Anosmia
Difficulty (Epilepsy) in smelling
Dysosmia
When your nostrils widen while breathing.
May be a sign of respiratory diseases,infection or exercise
Nasal flaring
○ Helpful bodily product
Snot or nasal mucus
COLOR OF SNOT
Clear
Healthy
COLOR OF SNOT
Green
More serious infection, chronic
COLOR OF SNOT
Black
Smoke, fungal infection
COLOR OF SNOT
Yellow
Fighting infection, acute
COLOR OF SNOT
Red
Dry or injured, bleeding
COLOR OF SNOT
Inhaled something such as dirt
Brown
The external nose has two elliptical orifices called the ___ which are separated from each other by the nasal septum.
naris (nostrils),
The lateral margin, the __, is rounded and mobile.
ala nasi
• Allows air to enter and oxygenate your body.
• Contributes to how you sound when you speak.
• Filters and cleans air to remove germs and allergens.
• Gives you a sense of smell.
• Warms and moistens air so it can move comfortably into your respiratory system.
FUNCTION OF NOSE
is the most common condition affecting your nose. This happens when allergens or pathogens (viruses, bacteria, or fungi) cause inflammation of your nasal passages.
Nasal congestion
A fractured nose happens when you break your nasal bones or cartilage.
Nasal fractures may occur during traumatic events, such as car accidents, sports injuries or physical fights.
Broken nose
is long-lasting swelling or infection in your sinuses
Chronic sinusitis
, also called hay fever, is an allergic reaction that causes sneezing, congestion, itchy nose and watery eyes. Pollen, pet dander, mold and insects can lead to hay fever symptoms.
Allergic rhinitis
are soft, painless, noncancerous growths that can form in the lining of your nose or sinuses. They happen most often in people with asthma, allergies, repeat infections or nasal inflammation. Medication and outpatient surgery can shrink nasal polyps and relieve symptoms.
Nasal polyps
, or a nosebleed, is when you lose blood from the tissue that lines the inside of your nose. Dry air causes nosebleeds.
There are simple steps you can take to treat and prevent them. Although annoying, nosebleeds usually aren’t a cause for concern.
Epistaxis
Act as your body’s own built-in humidifier
Function:
• Lightening the weight of the head
• Supporting immune defence of the nasal cavity
• Humidifying inspired air
• Increasing resonance of the voice
Sinuses
Each of the two narrow, curled, spongy bones
protruding from the nasal cavity walls in the human nose is referred to as ___. Responsible for regulating the airflow through the nasal passages
nasal conchae or nasal turbinate
The lymph vessels draining the vestibule end
in the
submandibular nodes.
The paranasa sinuses are lined with___ and filled with air.
mucoperiosteum
Drainage of the mucus is also achieved by the ___ created during the blowing of the nose.
siphon action
Pyramidal in shape
Paired & symmetric
Located within the body of the maxilla behind the skin of the cheek.
The roof is formed by the floor of the orbit, and the floor is related to the roots of the 2nd premolars and 1st molar teeth.
It opens into the middle meatus of the nose
maxillary sinus
• Rarely symmetrical
• Contained within the frontal bone
• Separated from each other by a bony septum.
• Each sinus is roughly triangular
• Extending upward above the medial end of the eyebrow and backward into the medial part of the roof of the orbit.
• Opens into the middle meatus
Frontal sinuses
• Lie within the body of the sphenoid bone
• Below sella turcica
– Extends between dorsum sellae and post
clinoid processes
• Opens into the sphenoethmoidal
recess above the superior concha
Sphenoidal sinuses
• They are anterior, middle, and posterior
• They are contained within the ethmoid bone, between the nose and the orbit
• Anterior & middle
– Drains into middle nasal meatus
• Posterior
– Drain into superior nasal meatus
• Separated from the orbit by a thin plate of bone so that infection can readily spread from
the sinuses into the orbit
Ethmoid sinuses
