ASRT Practice Boards Flashcards
Which of the following is a daily quality control test to check scanner performance?
phantom scanning
The region of interest for vertebral fracture assessment scans includes the ____ through _____ vertebrae.
T4;L5
The region of interest for vertebral fracture assessment scans includes the ____ through _____ vertebrae.
T4;L5
How many sets of sinuses are in the cranium?
4
What are the two types of bone tissue generally found in long bones?
cortical and trabecular
The oldest bone cells of the skeleton live about how many years?
10 years
An area of bone that contacts another bone is a(n)
articular surface
Why is the ‘standard anatomical position’ used?
To simplify descriptions of the location and orientation of bones.
When evaluating bone density, what statistical value is calculated by dividing the standard deviation by the mean?
CV
Which of the following states is true about bone remodeling?
Bone mass increases when formation is faster than resorption
Osteosarcomas (affect young or old people?)
affect primarily adolescents and young adults
Osteoarthritis is characterized by:
osteophyte
What condition can look similar to laminectomy on DXA scans?
Spina bifida occulta
Idiopathic scoliosis is treated…
with bracing or surgery
Which of the following biochemical marker indicate osteoblast activity?
Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase
According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, women over the age of 50 should take ____ IU of Vitamin D daily.
800 - 1,000 IU
Man-made versions of the calcitonin hormone are based on the hormone naturally produced in:
salmon
_____ activate when RANK is combined with _____.
Osteoclasts; RANKL
The bisphosphonate medication Alendronate should be taken:
In the morning on an empty stomach.
In addition to iodine-125, what radioactive isotope was used as the radiation source for dual photon absorpitiometry? (Think MRI)
gadolinium-153
Bone-edge detection algorithms are:
proprietary to each manufacturer
What is the minimum distance a bone densitometry technologist should sit from the edge of the scanner table?
3 feet
Operator precision is assessed using:
an in vivo test
The patient questionnaire can be filled out after the scanning procedure (T/F).
False
What is the International System of Units (SI) expression for the roentgen?
coulomb per kilogram
The acronym rad stands for?
radiation absorbed dose
Which type of lead shielding is required for DXA exams?
no sheilding
What is the largest source of artificial radiation?
medical imaging equiptment
Somatic effects occur within _____ and common outcomes include_______.
the exposed individual; shortened life span and cancerous mutations
Which type of cell is more radiosensitive?
gonadal germ
Which type of radiation is NOT considered ionizing radiation?
infrared light
Female athlete triad syndrome commonly causes ____ in female athletes.
amenorrhea
Klinefelter syndrome affects 1 in every:
500 - 1000 men
Which disorder causes children’s bones to become soft and weak?
rickets
FRAX should only be used on individuals between what ages?
40 - 90
Regarding glucocorticoid medication, what is the exposure that is considered a risk factor by FRAX?
5mg per day for 3 months
Is Spinal Stenosis a FRAX risk factor?
No
Daily consumption of _____ units of alcohol is considered a risk factor by FRAX.
3 units
FRAX consideres a previous fracture a risk factor if it was broken after what age?
40 years
All of the following are secondary osteoporosis disease processes which may cause bone loss or interfere with individuals reaching their peak bone mass, EXCEPT for:
type II diabetes
A fragility fracture can result from what kind of fall?
fall from a standing height, in the absence of other trauma
What is the minimum 10 year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture that suggests a diagnosis of osteoporosis?
20%
Should FRAX be calculated on those individuals who are on pharmacological therapy?
no
Two examples of bisphosphonate-based medications are:
Boniva and Actonel
Which of the following is a limitation of FRAX as described by the International Osteoporosis Foundation?
FRAX does not accommodate all known risk factors
The FRAX tool is accessible:
on a smartphone app
Only one-quarter of vertebral fractures go unreported (T/F).
False
What area do the most common osteoporosis-related fractures occur?
Spine (vertebral compression)
International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) recommendations state VFA imaging is indicated if the T-score is _____ and 1 other qualification is met.
less than -1
Using the Genant classification method, a severe vertebral fracture has a height reduction of ______.
40% or higher
Which terminology is an acceptable description of a vertebral fracture in a VFA report?
mild vertebral fracture
Which of the following is a criterion for an osteoporotic fracture diagnosis?
centrally conceived endplate depression
Which deformity typically manifests in adolescents and presents with remarkable kyphosis?
Scheuermann’s disease
If a patient has an obvious compression fracture is that a reason for additional spine imaging?
No
If a vertebra is difficult to assess, contrast [as in visual contrast, not IV or oral ed.] and inversion tools may be used to locate vertebra position.
True
When is VFA imaging typically performed? (Separate or together with bone density testing?)
during bone mineral density testing
Why might a vertebra be excluded from the baseline analysis?
excessive joint hypertrophy (like arthritis) or metallic hardware
The total BMD is used to plot ______?
a reference curve
Is the iliac crest visualized in the ROI of a hip scan?
No, it is not
Is the femoral neck mostly cortical or trabecular bone?
mostly cortical bone
The joint between the radius and carpal bones must be visible on a forearm scan for accurate analysis. (T/F)
True
What is the preferred region of interest when scanning the forearm?
33%
Proper flexion of the patient’s elbow during a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan of the forearm is _____ degrees.
90 to 105
What type of body composition analysis uses a two-compartment method?
bio-electrical impedance
What percentage of the American population is overweight?
62%
According to the 2015 ISCD official position statements, the minimum acceptable precision testing results for total fat mass should be within:
3%
Individuals with a high proportion of fat in the gyroid region of the hips and thighs are considered _____ shaped.
pear
What type of tissue is NOT included in lean body mass?
fat
What are the two types of calibration methods used by DXA scanners?
internal and external
A(n) _________ scanning technique estimates bone mineral density based on three-dimensional scans.
volumetric
______ measurements provide a radio to evaluate bone health that is independent of patient body habits.
Bone Mineral Density (BMD)
_____ is the measure of variability that shows how spread out data is around the mean.
Standard Deviation (SD)
The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey developed a standardized reference database for T-scores of the ________.
hip
The MOST critical performance measure for follow-up scans and tracking of a patient’s bone mineral density over time is:
precision
_________ is a tool used to measure bone micro texture and marker for the risk of osteoporosis.
TBS - Trabecular Bone Score
In a graphic display of the spine calibration phantom scan, the upper and lower controls represent + or - ______ percent of the mean.
1.5
