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DXA Boards > ASRT Practice Boards > Flashcards

ASRT Practice Boards Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is a daily quality control test to check scanner performance?

A

phantom scanning

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2
Q

The region of interest for vertebral fracture assessment scans includes the ____ through _____ vertebrae.

A

T4;L5

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3
Q

The region of interest for vertebral fracture assessment scans includes the ____ through _____ vertebrae.

A

T4;L5

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4
Q

How many sets of sinuses are in the cranium?

A

4

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5
Q

What are the two types of bone tissue generally found in long bones?

A

cortical and trabecular

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6
Q

The oldest bone cells of the skeleton live about how many years?

A

10 years

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7
Q

An area of bone that contacts another bone is a(n)

A

articular surface

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8
Q

Why is the ‘standard anatomical position’ used?

A

To simplify descriptions of the location and orientation of bones.

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9
Q

When evaluating bone density, what statistical value is calculated by dividing the standard deviation by the mean?

A

CV

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10
Q

Which of the following states is true about bone remodeling?

A

Bone mass increases when formation is faster than resorption

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11
Q

Osteosarcomas (affect young or old people?)

A

affect primarily adolescents and young adults

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12
Q

Osteoarthritis is characterized by:

A

osteophyte

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13
Q

What condition can look similar to laminectomy on DXA scans?

A

Spina bifida occulta

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14
Q

Idiopathic scoliosis is treated…

A

with bracing or surgery

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15
Q

Which of the following biochemical marker indicate osteoblast activity?

A

Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase

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16
Q

According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, women over the age of 50 should take ____ IU of Vitamin D daily.

A

800 - 1,000 IU

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17
Q

Man-made versions of the calcitonin hormone are based on the hormone naturally produced in:

A

salmon

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18
Q

_____ activate when RANK is combined with _____.

A

Osteoclasts; RANKL

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19
Q

The bisphosphonate medication Alendronate should be taken:

A

In the morning on an empty stomach.

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20
Q

In addition to iodine-125, what radioactive isotope was used as the radiation source for dual photon absorpitiometry? (Think MRI)

A

gadolinium-153

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21
Q

Bone-edge detection algorithms are:

A

proprietary to each manufacturer

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22
Q

What is the minimum distance a bone densitometry technologist should sit from the edge of the scanner table?

A

3 feet

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23
Q

Operator precision is assessed using:

A

an in vivo test

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24
Q

The patient questionnaire can be filled out after the scanning procedure (T/F).

A

False

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25
Q

What is the International System of Units (SI) expression for the roentgen?

A

coulomb per kilogram

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26
Q

The acronym rad stands for?

A

radiation absorbed dose

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27
Q

Which type of lead shielding is required for DXA exams?

A

no sheilding

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28
Q

What is the largest source of artificial radiation?

A

medical imaging equiptment

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29
Q

Somatic effects occur within _____ and common outcomes include_______.

A

the exposed individual; shortened life span and cancerous mutations

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30
Q

Which type of cell is more radiosensitive?

A

gonadal germ

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31
Q

Which type of radiation is NOT considered ionizing radiation?

A

infrared light

32
Q

Female athlete triad syndrome commonly causes ____ in female athletes.

A

amenorrhea

33
Q

Klinefelter syndrome affects 1 in every:

A

500 - 1000 men

34
Q

Which disorder causes children’s bones to become soft and weak?

A

rickets

35
Q

FRAX should only be used on individuals between what ages?

A

40 - 90

36
Q

Regarding glucocorticoid medication, what is the exposure that is considered a risk factor by FRAX?

A

5mg per day for 3 months

37
Q

Is Spinal Stenosis a FRAX risk factor?

A

No

38
Q

Daily consumption of _____ units of alcohol is considered a risk factor by FRAX.

A

3 units

39
Q

FRAX consideres a previous fracture a risk factor if it was broken after what age?

A

40 years

40
Q

All of the following are secondary osteoporosis disease processes which may cause bone loss or interfere with individuals reaching their peak bone mass, EXCEPT for:

A

type II diabetes

41
Q

A fragility fracture can result from what kind of fall?

A

fall from a standing height, in the absence of other trauma

42
Q

What is the minimum 10 year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture that suggests a diagnosis of osteoporosis?

A

20%

43
Q

Should FRAX be calculated on those individuals who are on pharmacological therapy?

A

no

44
Q

Two examples of bisphosphonate-based medications are:

A

Boniva and Actonel

45
Q

Which of the following is a limitation of FRAX as described by the International Osteoporosis Foundation?

A

FRAX does not accommodate all known risk factors

46
Q

The FRAX tool is accessible:

A

on a smartphone app

47
Q

Only one-quarter of vertebral fractures go unreported (T/F).

A

False

48
Q

What area do the most common osteoporosis-related fractures occur?

A

Spine (vertebral compression)

49
Q

International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) recommendations state VFA imaging is indicated if the T-score is _____ and 1 other qualification is met.

A

less than -1

50
Q

Using the Genant classification method, a severe vertebral fracture has a height reduction of ______.

A

40% or higher

51
Q

Which terminology is an acceptable description of a vertebral fracture in a VFA report?

A

mild vertebral fracture

52
Q

Which of the following is a criterion for an osteoporotic fracture diagnosis?

A

centrally conceived endplate depression

53
Q

Which deformity typically manifests in adolescents and presents with remarkable kyphosis?

A

Scheuermann’s disease

54
Q

If a patient has an obvious compression fracture is that a reason for additional spine imaging?

A

No

55
Q

If a vertebra is difficult to assess, contrast [as in visual contrast, not IV or oral ed.] and inversion tools may be used to locate vertebra position.

A

True

56
Q

When is VFA imaging typically performed? (Separate or together with bone density testing?)

A

during bone mineral density testing

57
Q

Why might a vertebra be excluded from the baseline analysis?

A

excessive joint hypertrophy (like arthritis) or metallic hardware

58
Q

The total BMD is used to plot ______?

A

a reference curve

59
Q

Is the iliac crest visualized in the ROI of a hip scan?

A

No, it is not

60
Q

Is the femoral neck mostly cortical or trabecular bone?

A

mostly cortical bone

61
Q

The joint between the radius and carpal bones must be visible on a forearm scan for accurate analysis. (T/F)

A

True

62
Q

What is the preferred region of interest when scanning the forearm?

A

33%

63
Q

Proper flexion of the patient’s elbow during a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan of the forearm is _____ degrees.

A

90 to 105

64
Q

What type of body composition analysis uses a two-compartment method?

A

bio-electrical impedance

65
Q

What percentage of the American population is overweight?

A

62%

66
Q

According to the 2015 ISCD official position statements, the minimum acceptable precision testing results for total fat mass should be within:

A

3%

67
Q

Individuals with a high proportion of fat in the gyroid region of the hips and thighs are considered _____ shaped.

A

pear

68
Q

What type of tissue is NOT included in lean body mass?

A

fat

69
Q

What are the two types of calibration methods used by DXA scanners?

A

internal and external

70
Q

A(n) _________ scanning technique estimates bone mineral density based on three-dimensional scans.

A

volumetric

71
Q

______ measurements provide a radio to evaluate bone health that is independent of patient body habits.

A

Bone Mineral Density (BMD)

72
Q

_____ is the measure of variability that shows how spread out data is around the mean.

A

Standard Deviation (SD)

73
Q

The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey developed a standardized reference database for T-scores of the ________.

A

hip

74
Q

The MOST critical performance measure for follow-up scans and tracking of a patient’s bone mineral density over time is:

A

precision

75
Q

_________ is a tool used to measure bone micro texture and marker for the risk of osteoporosis.

A

TBS - Trabecular Bone Score

76
Q

In a graphic display of the spine calibration phantom scan, the upper and lower controls represent + or - ______ percent of the mean.

A

1.5

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