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pharmacology 2025: pain and inflammation drugs > aspirin; ibuprofen; ketorolac > Flashcards

aspirin; ibuprofen; ketorolac Flashcards

1
Q

aspirin; ibuprofen; and ketorolac are in which pharmacological class

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

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2
Q

inhibition of COX-_____ results in decreased platelet aggregation and kidney damage

A

inhibition of COX-1

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3
Q

inhibition of COX- ____ results in decreased inflammation, fever, and pain and doesn’t decrease platelet aggregation

A

inhibition if COX-2

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4
Q

what protein is COX abbreviated for

A

cyclooxygenase

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5
Q

how do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin; ibuprofen; ketorolac help with inflammation

A

suppresses inflammation

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6
Q

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin; ibuprofen; ketorolac provide analgesia for mild to moderate pain with which types of arthritis

A

osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

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7
Q

how do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin; ibuprofen; ketorolac help with fever

A

reduces fever

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8
Q

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin; ibuprofen; ketorolac can treat period pain which is called

A

dysmenorrhea

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9
Q

the drug Aspirin is a first gen. NSAIDs which is a COX-1 inhibitor and is given to inhibit platelet aggregation to help protect against

A

ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction

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10
Q

what are some complications that can happen while using NSAIDs such as aspirin; ibuprofen; ketorolac

A

GI discomfort; impaired kidney function

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11
Q

what is one complication that can happen specifically with non-aspirin NSAIDs

A

increased risk of heart attack and stroke

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12
Q

what are some complications that are specific to Aspirin

A

Salicylism and Reye syndrome

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13
Q

what are some symptoms of GI discomfort experienced with NSAIDs

A

dyspepsia; abdominal pain; heartburn; and nausea

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14
Q

how can patients avoid GI discomfort

A

take medication with food or with 8oz glass of water or milk
and avoid alcohol

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15
Q

damage to the gastric mucosa can lead to what type of bleeding

A

GI- bleeding and perforation especially with long-term use

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16
Q

older adults; smoking/alcohol use disorder; history of peptic ulcers; previous inability to tolerate NSAIDs have a higher risk of experiencing

A

GI discomfort

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17
Q

black/dark-colored stool; severe abdominal pain; nausea; vomiting are signs of

A

GI bleeding

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18
Q

what types of drugs can be given to decrease risk of ulcer formation

A

proton pump inhibitors and H2 receptor antagonist

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19
Q

what medication is a proton pump inhibitor that is used to decrease risk of ulcer formation

A

omeprazole

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20
Q

what medication is a H2 receptor antagonist that is used to decrease risk of ulcer formation

A

cimetidine

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21
Q

what drug is used as a prophylaxis agent to prevent GI discomfort

A

misoprostol

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22
Q

decreased urine output; weight gain from fluid retention and increased BUN and creatinine levels are signs of

A

impaired kidney function

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23
Q

NSAIDs should be used cautiously with older adults and clients who have

A

heart failure

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24
Q

because NSAIDs can cause impaired kidney function you should monitor

A

I&O and kidney function (BUN; creatinine levels)

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25
because non-aspirin NSAIDs can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke the smallest effective dose should be given to clients who have
cardiovascular disease
26
tinnitus; sweating; headache; dizziness; and respiratory alkalosis are manifestations of what condition which can occur with the NSAID Aspirin
salicylism
27
what should a patient do if they suspect they are experiencing salicylism from aspirin use
notify provider and stop taking aspirin if manifestations occur
28
what condition can occur if aspirin is used for fever reduction in children and adolescents who have a viral illness such as chickenpox or influenza (flu)
Reye syndrome
29
how can reye syndrome be avoided
don't give aspirin to children or adolescents who have a viral illness such as chickenpox or flu
30
mild salicylism progressing to sweating; high fever; acidosis; dehydration; electrolyte imbalances; coma ; and respiratory depression are signs of
aspirin toxicity
31
aspirin toxicity should be managed as a
medical emergency in the hospital
32
what can be given to decrease absorption in patients with aspirin toxicity
activated charcoal
33
what type of dialysis can be given to patients experiencing aspirin toxicity
hemodialysis
34
clients with aspirin toxicity can be cooled by using what type of water
tepid water
35
nurses can correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalance in patients experiencing aspirin toxicity by giving
IV fluids
36
what can be given to a patient experiencing aspirin toxicity to reverse acidosis and promote salicylate excretion
bicarbonate
37
patients experiencing aspirin toxicity may need their stomach pumped this action is called
gastric lavage
38
pregnancy; peptic ulcer disease; bleeding disorders; hypersensitivity to aspirin and other NSAIDs; are contraindications/precautions for which generation of NSAIDs such as aspirin; ibuprofen; and ketorolac
first gen. NSAIDs
39
what bleeding disorders are contraindicated for NSAID use
hemophilia and vitamin K deficiency
40
first gen. NSAIDs are what category of pregnancy risk
pregnancy risk category D
41
aspirin is contraindicated in children and adolescents with
viral illness -- chickenpox and influenza
42
NSAIDs should be used cautiously in
older adults clients who smoke cigarettes clients who have h. pylori infection; hypovolemia; asthma; chronic urticaria(hives); bleeding disorders clients taking ACE inhibitors and ARBs
43
what NSAID is contraindicated in clients who have advanced kidney disease
ketorolac
43
clients who have advanced kidney disease should use ketorolac for no longer than _____ days due to risk of GI; cardiovascular and renal complications
no longer than 5 days
43
anticoagulants such as warfarin and heparin being taken with NSAIDs can increase the risk of
bleeding
44
what drug taken with NSAIDs can increase risk of gastric bleeding
glucocorticoids
45
what substance increases the risk of bleeding and gastric ulceration
alcohol
46
what drug decreases the antiplatelet effects of low-dose aspirin used to prevent MI
ibuprofen
47
what NSAID when used with other NSAIDs increase the risk of known adverse effects
ketorolac
48
depending on which medication NSAIDs should not be taken with other
OTC medications
49
clients taking glucocorticoids with NSAIDs should take an anti-ulcer prophylaxis such as ______ to decrease the risk of gastric ulcer
misoprostol
50
what supplements can increase the risk of bleeding when taken with NSAIDs
feverfew; garlic; ginger
51
what supplement can suppress coagulation and should be used cautiously in patients who are taking NSAIDs
ginkgo biloba
52
what should a patient who uses OTC medications do before taking them with an NSAID
tell provider about any OTC medications; vitamins; herbal supplements
53
ketorolac can be used for short-term treatment of moderate to severe pain that is associated with
postoperative recovery
54
concurrent use of ketorolac with opioids allows for lower dosages of opioids and thus minimizes
adverse effects -- constipation and respiratory depression
55
how is ketorolac usually administered
administered parenterally first and then switched to oral doses
56
ketorolac should be used for no longer than _____- days because of risk for GI; Cardiovascular; and renal complications
ketorolac- use no longer than 5 days
57
IV ibuprofen should be administered as an infusion over how many minutes
infused over 30min.
58
before giving IV ibuprofen to a patient the client should be hydrated to prevent
kidney damage
59
clients who have an upcoming elective surgery or expected date of childbirth should stop aspirin ____ week before
stop aspirin 1 week before
60
clients should take NSAIDs with food; milk; or 8oz glass of water to reduce
reduce GI discomfort
61
clients should not chew or crush what kind of aspirin tablets
do not chew or crush enteric coated or sustained release aspirin tablets
62
how is the effectiveness of NSAIDs evaluated
reduced inflammation and fever relief of mild to moderate pain relief from dysmenorrhea

pharmacology 2025: pain and inflammation drugs (3 decks)

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