Asphyxia Flashcards
How do we classify hangings?
1) On the basis of position of the knot
2) On the basis of degree of suspension
3) On the basis of intent
What is the difference between typical and atypical hanging?
Typical: When the point of suspension is placed centrally over the occiput
Atypical: When the knot of ligature is anywhere other than on the occiput
What is complete hanging?
When the body is fully suspended, and no part of the body touches the ground = Constricting force is the weight of the body
What is incomplete/partial hanging?
When the lower part of the body is touching the ground = Constricting force is weight of the head
What is the most common cause of death by hanging?
Combined asphyxia and venous congestion
What are the factors that influence the appearance of ligature marks?
1) Period of suspension
2) Degree of suspension
3) Weight of the body
What is the surest sign of antemortem hanging?
Dribbling of saliva
The diagnosis of antemortem hanging can be made if the following ligature characteristics are present:
1) Streaks/bands of reddened or pink tissue
2) Imprint of the pattern of the ligature in the furrow
3) Sloping/upward angle towards the suspension point
Homicidal hanging should be suspected when:
1) Signs of violence
2) Injuries
3) Ripped clothing
What is the difference between judicial hanging and normal hanging?
And judicial hanging the ligature is looped around the neck with the knot under the chin to fracture of the spine.
In which type of hanging is the odontoid process not fractured?
Judicial hanging
What is the hangman fracture?
Fracture dislocation of C2 from C3
What is the type of hypostasis found in hanging?
Gloves and stocking pattern
Where are ligature marks most commonly found in hanging?
Above the thyroid cartilage (plus incomplete and oblique)
Where are the ligature marks most likely found in strangulation?
Below the thyroid cartilage (Plus complete and horizontal)
