Aspects Of Personality Flashcards
Personality
Describes the unique characteristics of an individual which makes him or her act as they do.
Trait theory
Eysneck
Personality is made up of predisposed characteristics that are long lasting.
Extrovert-introvert
Stable-neurotic
Cattell 16PF tests this.
Social Learning Theory
Bandura
Explains behaviour in terms of the reaction to specific situations.
We learn to deal with situations by observing others or by observing the results of our behaviour on others and by modelling our own on what we have seen.
Behaviour is determined by the situation.
Hollanders Structure of Personality
The psychological core
Typical behaviour
Role-related behaviour
Social environment
What is the psychological core section of Hollanders model
Describes the beliefs and values that remain more or less permanent.
What is the typical behaviour section in Hollanders model
Describes the way in which an individual responds in certain situations.
What is the role-related behaviour section of Hollanders model
Describes the fact that in other situations we may behave differently.
What is the social environment section in Hollanders model
Describes how the behaviour and expectations of others affect our role.
Interactionist theory
Lewin
A combination of trait and a person’s situation or environment builds up a person’s personality, and that traits determine behaviour but can be modified by situations.
B=f(P x E)
What are the three ways of testing/measuring personality
Interviews
Questionnaires
Observations
Interviews
Before/after event so not directly related to performance.
Open ended and flexible.
Difficult to quantify accurately.
Performer may be influenced by interviewer.
Questionnaires
Before/after event so not directly related to performance.
Rigid and systematically set out.
Results calculated accurately, easy to compare.
Can be used to assess specific traits.
Observations
Made during an actual event, so directly related to performance.
Difficult to quantify.
Time consuming.
Act socially desirable as know they’re being observed.
Profile of Mood States
A graph to measure the general emotional state of a performer. Tension Depression Anger Vigour Fatigue Confusion Elite show iceberg profile.
Motivation
A drive to strive to succeed, win, improve performance and to pursue goals.
Intrinsic motivation
Describes the internal drive or feelings that make us do things.
Comes from within.
Enjoyment, pride, satisfaction.
Extrinsic motivation
The feelings that come from rewards externally derived.
Tangible - prizes, money, medals, trophy.
Intangible - approval, praise, recognition.
Achievement motivation
The drive to achieve success for its own sake and is related to competitiveness, persistence and striving for perfection.
What is achievement motivation influenced by?
Personality factors: nAch and nAf
Situational factors: probability and incentive value of success.
Need to achieve
nAch
Seeks challenges
Likes feedback
Isn’t afraid of failure
Extra training
Need to avoid failure
nAf
Avoids challenges
Dislikes feedback
Afraid of failure
Doesn’t train extra
How should a coach promote nAch/approach behaviours
More positive reinforcement Achievable goals Some situations that guarantee success Gradually increase difficulty Incentive value is high
How should a coach reduce nAf/avoidance behaviours
Reduce punishment
Focus negative feedback on effort not ability
Avoid situations where failure is inevitable
Alter criteria for success if failure is inevitable (successful game if only lose by 2 points)
