Aspects Of Personality

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

Describes the unique characteristics of an individual which makes him or her act as they do.

Question 2

Trait theory

Eysneck

Answer 2

Personality is made up of predisposed characteristics that are long lasting.
Extrovert-introvert
Stable-neurotic

Cattell 16PF tests this.

Question 3

Social Learning Theory

Bandura

Answer 3

Explains behaviour in terms of the reaction to specific situations.
We learn to deal with situations by observing others or by observing the results of our behaviour on others and by modelling our own on what we have seen.
Behaviour is determined by the situation.

Question 4

Hollanders Structure of Personality

Answer 4

The psychological core
Typical behaviour
Role-related behaviour
Social environment

Question 5

What is the psychological core section of Hollanders model

Answer 5

Describes the beliefs and values that remain more or less permanent.

Question 6

What is the typical behaviour section in Hollanders model

Answer 6

Describes the way in which an individual responds in certain situations.

Question 7

What is the role-related behaviour section of Hollanders model

Answer 7

Describes the fact that in other situations we may behave differently.

Question 8

What is the social environment section in Hollanders model

Answer 8

Describes how the behaviour and expectations of others affect our role.

Question 9

Interactionist theory

Lewin

Answer 9

A combination of trait and a person’s situation or environment builds up a person’s personality, and that traits determine behaviour but can be modified by situations.

B=f(P x E)

Question 10

What are the three ways of testing/measuring personality

Answer 10

Interviews
Questionnaires
Observations

Question 11

Interviews

Answer 11

Before/after event so not directly related to performance.
Open ended and flexible.
Difficult to quantify accurately.
Performer may be influenced by interviewer.

Question 12

Questionnaires

Answer 12

Before/after event so not directly related to performance.
Rigid and systematically set out.
Results calculated accurately, easy to compare.
Can be used to assess specific traits.

Question 13

Observations

Answer 13

Made during an actual event, so directly related to performance.
Difficult to quantify.
Time consuming.
Act socially desirable as know they’re being observed.

Question 14

Profile of Mood States

Answer 14

A graph to measure the general emotional state of a performer.
Tension
Depression
Anger
Vigour
Fatigue
Confusion
Elite show iceberg profile.

Question 15

Motivation

Answer 15

A drive to strive to succeed, win, improve performance and to pursue goals.

Question 16

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 16

Describes the internal drive or feelings that make us do things.
Comes from within.
Enjoyment, pride, satisfaction.

Question 17

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 17

The feelings that come from rewards externally derived.
Tangible - prizes, money, medals, trophy.
Intangible - approval, praise, recognition.

Question 18

Achievement motivation

Answer 18

The drive to achieve success for its own sake and is related to competitiveness, persistence and striving for perfection.

Question 19

What is achievement motivation influenced by?

Answer 19

Personality factors: nAch and nAf

Situational factors: probability and incentive value of success.

Question 20

Need to achieve

nAch

Answer 20

Seeks challenges
Likes feedback
Isn’t afraid of failure
Extra training

Question 21

Need to avoid failure

nAf

Answer 21

Avoids challenges
Dislikes feedback
Afraid of failure
Doesn’t train extra

Question 22

How should a coach promote nAch/approach behaviours

Answer 22

More positive reinforcement 
Achievable goals
Some situations that guarantee success
Gradually increase difficulty 
Incentive value is high

Question 23

How should a coach reduce nAf/avoidance behaviours

Answer 23

Reduce punishment
Focus negative feedback on effort not ability
Avoid situations where failure is inevitable
Alter criteria for success if failure is inevitable (successful game if only lose by 2 points)