Aggression Flashcards
Characteristics of aggression
- Intentional
- Against another human
- Outside of rules
- Intent to cause harm
Types of aggression
Hostile
Reactive
Instrumental
Channelled
Hostile aggression
Intention to cause harm outside of the rules as an emotional response to another performer/situation.
Reactive aggression
Form of hostile aggression in which there is a conscious attempt to another person (retaliation).
Instrumental aggression
Aggression that harms as a means to achieving another goal.
Channelled aggression
Feelings of aggression that are diverted into useful, positive actions.
Assertive Behaviour
Use of physical force that is within the rules/ethics of sport and is therefore, legit.
Instinct/trait theory
Agg behaviour is inherited.
Agg feelings build up = psych damaging if not released (legally or illegally).
Catharsis: feeling from releasing pent up aggression.
Frustration
Psych state that occurs when satisfaction is made difficult/impossible.
Frustration-aggression Hypothesis
Existence of frust always leads to some form of agg.
Agg is more likely if:
- frust is unexpected
- fust happens close to achieving goal
Drive –> Obstacle –> frustration –> agg –> success/punishment –> catharsis = less frust or more frust
Evaluate the frustration-aggression hypothesis
- doesn’t explain why some don’t act aggressively even though they are frustrated
- doesn’t explain those who do not show signs of frustration but are then aggressive
Controlling aggression
Strategies
- punish agg behaviour
- reinforce assertive play
- reduce/control arousal levels
- avoid aggressive situations
Aggressive- Cue theory
Frustration builds but aggression only released when socially desirable cue present,
e.g. referee can’t see you / coach encourages you to be aggressive
Social Learning Theory
Aggression in learnt by observing and copying others / Vicarious experience
Reinforcement causes behaviour to be repeated / or appropriate applied example
