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NURS 310 - Exam 1 > Aspects of Aging > Flashcards

Aspects of Aging Flashcards

1
Q

______ refers to the number of years old

A

Chronological age

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2
Q

______ refers to the combination of physical, psychological, and social function

A

Functional age

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3
Q

______ refers to the estimated age based on appearance

A

Perceived age

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4
Q

______ refers to the number of years that can be predicted to live

A

Life expectancy

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5
Q

What is the average life expectancy?

A

78.7 years

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6
Q

______ refers to the maximum number of years that can be lived

A

Lifespan

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7
Q

What is the maximum lifespan?

A

122 years

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8
Q

What are the biological theories of aging? (2)

A
  • Stochastic
  • Nonstochastic
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9
Q

Describe the stochastic theory

A

Aging changes are due to random assaults over time

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10
Q

Which important theory falls under the stochastic theory?

A

Wear and tear theory

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11
Q

Describe the wear and tear theory

A

The body will function less effectively with prolonged use and stress

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12
Q

Describe the nonstochastic theory

A

Aging changes are due to predetermined processes

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13
Q

Which important theory falls under the nonstochastic theory?

A

Radiation theory

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14
Q

What are the effects of nonlethal doses of radiation according to the radiation theory? (3)

A
  • Shorter lifespan
  • Skin wrinkling
  • Cancer risk
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15
Q

What causes skin wrinkling?

A

Collagen is replaced by elastin

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16
Q

Which theory refers to mental processes, behavior, and feelings throughout life?

A

Psychological

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17
Q

Which theory refers to the impact of society on older adults?

A

Sociologic

18
Q

Which important theory falls under the psychological theory?

A

Developmental tasks

19
Q

______ are challenges that must be met and adjustments that must be made in response to life experiences

A

Developmental tasks

20
Q

Describe integrity

A

Acceptance and meaning in life (fulfilled)

21
Q

Describe despair

A

Anger, bitterness, depression, inadequacy (not fulfilled)

22
Q

Describe respiratory changes associated with aging (4)

A
  • Decreased cough reflex
  • Decreased cilia
  • Decreased alveoli
  • Increased residual volume
23
Q

Describe cardiovascular changes associated with aging (4)

A
  • Decreased cardiac output
  • Increased BP
  • Irregular pacemaker cells
  • Rigid valves
24
Q

Describe GI changes associated with aging (2)

A
  • Decreased hunger contractions
  • Decreased peristalsis
25
Q

Describe urinary changes associated with aging (2)

A
  • Decreased bladder capacity
  • Weaker bladder muscles
26
Q

Describe reproductive changes associated with aging (2)

A
  • Prostate enlargement
  • Alkaline vaginal environment
27
Q

Describe skeletal changes associated with aging (3)

A
  • Decreased bone mass
  • Sarcopenia
  • Kyphosis
28
Q

What is sarcopenia?

A

Loss of muscle mass, strength, and function

29
Q

Describe sensory changes associated with aging (4)

A
  • Presbyopia
  • Presbycusis
  • Decreased taste / smell
  • Decreased tactile sensation
30
Q

What is presbyopia?

A

Inability to focus / accommodate - reduced lens elasticity

31
Q

What is presbycusis?

A

­Age-related hearing loss

32
Q

Describe endocrine changes associated with aging (2)

A
  • Decreased BMR
  • Decreased release of insulin
33
Q

Describe integumentary changes associated with aging (3)

A
  • Decreased elasticity
  • Decreased subcutaneous fat
  • Decreased perspiration
34
Q

What is immuno-senescence?

A

Aging of the immune system

35
Q

Describe thermoregulation changes associated with aging (2)

A
  • Decreased body temp
  • Decreased adaptation
36
Q

Older adults have poor ______ memory

A

Short-term

37
Q

Describe intelligence changes associated with aging (2)

A
  • Crystallized intelligence is maintained
  • Fluid intelligence ­declines
38
Q

______ refers to knowledge accumulated over a lifetime

A

Crystalized intelligence

39
Q

______ refers to new knowledge

A

Fluid intelligence

40
Q

Describe learning changes associated with aging

A

Decreased readiness to learn

41
Q

Describe attention span changes associated with aging

A

Decreased invigilance performance

42
Q

What is invigilance performance?

A

­Ability to retain attention longer than 45 minutes

NURS 310 - Exam 1 (7 decks)

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