ASLP 3030 Unit 2 Flashcards
What is respiration?
The process of air moving in and out of the lungs by increasing and decreasing the pressure inside the lungs.
What is inhalation?
When the pressure in the lungs (Palv) is more negative, so air from the atmosphere is forced to enter the lungs.
What is exhalation?
When the pressure in the lungs (Palv) is more positive, so air from the lungs is forced into the atmosphere.
What is Bernoulli’s Principle and what does it have to do with respiration?
Air flows from high pressure to low pressure; explains inhalation and exhalation.
Where is the site where O2 is exchanged with CO2?
Alveoli
What are the 3 subsystems of producing voice?
- Respiratory system - power source
- Phonator - oscillator
- Articulators/resonance chamber
What is Boyle’s law and what does it have to do with respiration?
As the volume in a space increases, the pressure decreases, and vice versa. Explains lung expansion and compression while breathing.
What is the typical breathing rate of an adult?
12 - 18 breaths per minute
Tidal Volume
Volume of air we take in during a normal respiratory cycle. (Does not include forced inhalation or exhalation)
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
The additional amount of air that can be inhaled beyond tidal volume after an inhalation when using maximum effort. (i.e. deep breath)
Expiratory Reserve Volume
The additional amount of air that can be exhaled beyond tidal volume after an exhalation using maximum effort.
Residual Volume
The amount of air left in the lungs after a forceful, maximum exhalation. This cannot be voluntarily exhaled, and keeps the lungs from collapsing.
Vital Capacity
The total amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation. TV + ERV + IRV + RV
Functional Residual Capacity
Volume of air remaining in lungs after a normal, passive exhalation. ERV + RV
Total Lung Capacity
Max amount of air that the lungs can hold after a max inhalation. TV + RV + IRV + ERV
Inspiratory Reserve
Max amount of air that can be inhaled after a maximum inhalation. TV + IRV
Characteristics of quiet breathing
-Involuntary
-Inhalation is 40% and Exhalation is 60% of the cycle
-Exhalation is approximately 2 seconds
-Utilizes less muscles.
Characteristic of speech breathing
-More voluntary and intentional
-Inhalation is 10% of the cycle and exhalation is 90% of the cycle
-Exhalation is 20-25 seconds
-Utilizes more muscles
What is phonation?
Phonation is the coordinated movements of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, lungs, diaphragm, abdominal and neck muscles to produce human voice.
Frequency modulated tones (warbled tones)
A tone that changes periodically relative to the base frequency. Used in clinical testing to reduce standing waves (when two waves at the same frequency and amplitude travel in opposite directions of each other and interfere with each other)
What is the average vocal frequency for males, females and children?
Children: 400-600 Hz
Females: 200-220 Hz
Males: 100-120Hz
When do respiration differences begin in the age cycle?
60-70 Years old
Presbyphonia: vocal changes resulting in the aging process
Vocal folds bowing
Incomplete glottal closure (breathiness)
F0 Increases in males (130-150Hz) and decreases in females (160-186Hz)