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Surgical Nursing > Asepsis, Pack Wrapping, & Sterilization > Flashcards

Asepsis, Pack Wrapping, & Sterilization Flashcards

1
Q

Sources of exogenous (4) in order to avoid intro of microorganisms during Sx

A
  1. Air
  2. Sx instruments
  3. Patient’s skin
  4. Sx team
    MOST CONTROL HERE
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2
Q

Endogenous contamination arises from ____ the patient reaching the wound through their ____.

A
  1. Within the patient
  2. Bloodstream
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3
Q

Aseptic vs Sterilized

A
  1. Aseptic:
    - Is a condition of sterility
    - NO living organisms present
    - This tech include all steps taken to prevent contamination of a Sx site
    - Scrubbing in also req this tech
  2. Sterilized:
    - Absence of all microorganisms and spores
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4
Q

Disinfection

A

Elimination of pathogens, expect spores, from inanimate objects

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5
Q

Sterilization

A
  • Process that destroys all viable microbes, including viruses & endospores.
  • Absence of all microorganisms and spores.
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6
Q

Methods of disinfection & sterilization:
Chemical - How is it preformed?

A

Performed with certain liquids or gases

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7
Q

Methods of disinfection & sterilization:
Physical (3)

A

Physical methods:
1. Filtration: doesn’t kill, but separates
2. Radiation: gloves & some suture materials from manufacturer
3. Heat - thermal energy: moist heat (autoclave) & dry heat.

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8
Q

Water hardness is…
Distilled water has how many minerals?

A
  1. Is dependent on how many minerals are dissolved into it. Well water is ‘harder’ due to the amount of minerals it has.
  2. Distilled water has NO minerals
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9
Q

Disinfectant effectiveness depends on… (7)

A
  1. Type of microorganism
  2. Organic matter present
  3. Contact time & temp
  4. Degree of contamination
  5. Amount of protein present
  6. Other compounds being used
  7. Concentration & quality of chemical
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10
Q

Bleach! Name some great facts about it (7)

A
  1. Chlorine based
  2. Cleans & disinfects
  3. Corrodes metals
  4. Deteriorates fabrics
  5. Irritant
  6. Inactivated by fecal matter!!
  7. Temp & pH of water alter efficacy
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11
Q

Phenols. Tell me about it! (4)

A
  1. Common household disinfectants
  2. Work in presence of organic matter
  3. Relatively safe:
    - Can cause skin irritation
    - Poisonous if ingested (esp to cats!)
  4. Infrequently used in vet med
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12
Q

What occurs in the Patient prep area?

A
  1. Prepping patient for Sx
  2. “Dirty” Sx:
    - Dentals
    - Abscesses
    - Debridement
    - Anal glands
  3. Only scrub in Sx room should be the FINAL scrub
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13
Q

What is a personnel scrub area?

A
  • Area contains scrub sink & table to gowning/gloving
  • Sometimes the gloving/gowning will take place in the Sx due to space
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14
Q

What are some equipment that are “moveable’s”? (4)

A

Some equipment in the Sx suite is moveable
- Mayo instrument stand
- Anesthetic machine
- Patient monitoring equipment
- “Kick” bucket

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15
Q

What should OR storage look like? (3)

A
  1. Cabinets that store Sx equip & sterile packs should be raised from the floor
  2. Have doors that can be closed to protect contents from dust, pet hair, & contaminants
  3. The better protected, the longer the sterility of the packs
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16
Q

Cleaning the OR

17
Q

Shelf life of…
1. Woven or nonwoven
2. Peel away pouches

What are other ways of knowing how long something can be sterile?

A
  1. 2 weeks
  2. 7 weeks
    -OR- predetermined date/ID’s how long item considered sterile
18
Q

Examples of event related expiration: (3)

A
  1. Environmental perspective
  2. Damaged in any way - non-sterile
  3. Excessive handling, dust
19
Q

Type of autoclave:
Gravity air displacement

A
  • Most common
  • Steam introduced into top of the chamber forces air to the bottom
  • Distilled H2O must always be used to prevent rust to the metals
20
Q

Another type of autoclave:
High vacuum sterilizer

A
  1. Forces steam into sterilizing chamber
  2. Steam penetrates pack quicker
  3. Steam vacuumed out after complete
21
Q

Autoclaves use ___ to kill microorganisms

A

Steam under pressure

22
Q

Proper sterilization depends on… (3)

A

Proper:
1. Operation
2. Pack prep
3. Loading

23
Q

Maintain a surgical conscience!
What does this mean for you? (6)

A
  1. Sterile drapes are used to est a sterile field.
  2. All items within a sterile field should be sterile.
  3. Sterile fields should not be left unattended.
  4. Sx team must stay aware of sterile vs non-sterile areas at all times.
  5. Keep convos (& visits) to a minimum.
  6. REPORT ANY KNOWN BREAKS IN ASPEPTIC & STERILE TECHS IMMEDIATELY!!!
24
Q

Ethylene Oxide Sterilization
What is it?
How should the chambers be vented?

A
  1. Colorless gas at room temperature. It is extremely flammable, explosive, & toxic
  2. OUTSIDE the work area!!
25
Q

Possible injuries associated with ethylene oxide sterilization (5)

A
  1. Skin burns
  2. Resp irritation
  3. Vomiting
  4. Head aches
  5. Birth defects

Surgical Nursing (15 decks)

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