Asepsis and Infection Control

Question 1

1st line of defense

Answer 1

Normal Flora
“good” bacterial/fungi that live in and/or on body

Question 2

2nd line of defense

Answer 2

inflammatory response
local response to injury or infection

Question 3

Immune response

Answer 3

initiated by recognition of antigens
innate vs adaptive

Question 4

Innate immunity

Answer 4

nonspecific
immediate response to an antigen
temporary immunity with no memory

Question 5

Adaptive immunity

Answer 5

specific
The body makes antibodies in response to the antigen
requires time to react
permanent immunity

Question 6

Integumentary - role in defense

Answer 6

skin 1st line of defense is impermeable to most microorganisms
sweat low pH = inhibits bacterial growth

Question 7

Respiratory - role in defense

Answer 7

cilia and mucus
contains proteins with antimicrobial proerties

Question 8

Gastrointestinal - role in defense

Answer 8

gut flora and low pH of GI tract

Question 9

Infection

Answer 9

presence of pathogen in a susceptible host - infection/disease state

Question 10

Virulence

Answer 10

ability of pathogen to invade and injure host

Question 11

Chain of infection

Answer 11

mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host
infectious agent
source
port of exit

Question 12

Incubation

Answer 12

time between pathogen entering body and presentation of 1st symptom

Question 13

Prodromal

Answer 13

pathogen multiplies - change from general to more distinct symptoms

Question 14

Illness

Answer 14

symptoms specific to infection

Question 15

Convalescence

Answer 15

acute symptoms disappear and being recover (days to months)

Question 16

Health-care acquired infection

Answer 16

HAIS
very costly
lead to prolonged recovery time
could be avoided

Question 17

Signs and symptoms of infection - local

Answer 17

erythema, warmth, pain/tenderness, drainage, edema

Question 18

signs and symptoms of infection - systemic

Answer 18

infiltrated into the bloodstream
fever, chills, diaphoresis, tachycardia, tachypnea

Question 19

Assessment

Answer 19

health history, vital signs, risk assessment, labs (CBC high WBCs)

Question 20

Nursing diagnosis/problem

Answer 20

risk for infection, impaired skin integrity

Question 21

Medical asepsis

Answer 21

clean technique
Reduce growth/number/spread of microorganisms
hand hygiene, gloves, PPE
clean to dirty

Question 22

Surgical asepsis

Answer 22

sterile technique
eliminate all microorganisms from an object or area

Question 23

Sterile field

Answer 23

must remain dry
keep above the waist
never turn back
outer inch unsterile
open items away
never reach over the field

Question 24

4 types of precautions

Answer 24

standard (used with everyone)
contact
droplet
airborne

Question 25

Standard precautions

Answer 25

used for everyone
proper hand hygiene
gloves
clean equipment after use
discard needles

Question 26

Contact precautions

Answer 26

hand hygiene, gown, gloves
used for known or suspected contagious disease that can spread directly or indirectly
c. diff, RSV, Hep A, scabies

Question 27

Droplet Precaution

Answer 27

hand hygiene, mask, cloves, gown, eye cover
known or suspected contagious disease that can be spread by large droplets in the air
sneezing, coughing, talking, laughing
strep, pneumonia, mumps

Question 28

Airborne Precautions

Answer 28

N-95, Gloves, Gown, Eye protection
Known or suspected contagious disease that can be spread by small droplets in the air
Chicken pox, TB, COVID

Question 29

Disinfection

Answer 29

removal of pathogens, except for spores
germicidal agent disinfect objects
antiseptic agents disinfect skin

Question 30

Sterilization

Answer 30

process used to destroy all microorganisms (spores)
physical sterilization (steam, boiling water)
chemicals sterilization (use gloves)