Asepsis

Question 1

Stages of Infection

Answer 1

1. ) Incubation - organisms growing/multiplying, first symptoms
2. ) Prodromal - most contagious, initial signs and symptoms show but non specific (fatigue/malaise)
3. ) Full Illness - Specific signs and symptoms present
4. ) Convalescent - recovery period, symptoms receding

Question 2

Cardinal signs of infection

Answer 2

\+ Redness
\+ Heat
\+ Swelling
\+ Pain
\+ Loss of func @ site
\+ Inflammation

Question 3

Medical Asepsis

Answer 3

aka ‘clean technique’; procedures/practices that reduce the number and transfer of pathogens. Usually to reduce bacteria, virus, but NOT spores.

i.e - hand hygiene, donning gloves

Question 4

Surgical Asepsis

Answer 4

aka ‘sterile technique’; practices used to ELIMINATE ALL microorganisms

i.e - inserting an indwelling urinary catheter or inserting an IV catheter

Question 5

Practices of Medical Asepsis

Answer 5

+ good hand hygiene
+ don’t touch soiled items to clothing or put on floor
+ wash areas from cleanest TO dirtiest
+ use of PPE when exposure to bodily fluids or mucous membrane
+ practices of good personal grooming (hair back, short nails)
+ teach proper coughing/sneezing etiquette

Question 6

“Five Moments of Hand Hygiene”

Answer 6

\+ before contact with a pt
\+ after contact with a pt
\+ after contact with environment of pt
\+ after exposure with bodily fluids 
\+ before an aespetic procedure

Question 7

Situations for alcohol-based handrubs

Answer 7

+ before contact with a pt
+ after contact with a pt
+ after contact with environment of pt
+ after exposure with bodily fluids WHEN HANDS ARE NOT SOILED (otherwise, hand soap scrubbing)
+ after wearing gloves
+ before inserting catheters
+ when moving from contaminated area on pt to a clean one

Question 8

Standard Precautions ( Tier 1 )

Answer 8

Use regardless of diagnosis or possible infection status.
+ hand hygiene
+ Use of PPE if exposure to bodily fluids is a risk
+ Follow respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
+ Safe injection practices
+ proper disposal of contaminated items

Question 9

Transmission - Airborne Precautions ( Tier 2 )

Answer 9

Always IN ADDITION TO Standard Practices
e.g - varicella (chicken pox), rubeola (measles), SARS
+ pt in neg air pressure room
+ don mask respirator prior to entering room. Remove after leaving room

Question 10

Transmission - Droplet Precautions ( Tier 2 )

Answer 10

Always IN ADDITION TO Standard Practices
e.g - rubella, mumps, diptheria
\+ private room
\+ use of PPE
\+ keep visitors 3' away from pt

Question 11

Transmission - Contact Precautions ( Tier 2 )

Answer 11

Always IN ADDITION TO Standard Practices
e.g - MRSA
+ private room
+ use of PPE. Change gloves after contact with infected area. Remove PPE prior to leaving room and perform hand hygiene

Question 12

Hand Hygiene Using Soap and Water

Answer 12

1. ) Remove jewelry except wedding band
2. ) Turn on warm water, ensuring no splash back
3. ) Wet hands and wrist area. Dispense 1 tsp of soap
4. ) Wash all aspects and under nails and 1” beyond soiled areas for AT LEAST 20s
5. ) Dont lean on sink
6. ) Rinse hands while hands are below the elbows
7. ) If no hand pedals, use paper towel to turn off sink

Question 13

Removing (Doffing) PPE

Answer 13

If gown tied in FRONT:
1 - If gown tied in front, untie gown string
2 - Remove gloves (using proper tech)
3 - Goggles or face shield
4 - Gown 
5 - Mask
6 - Perform hand hygiene

Question 14

Putting on (Donning) PPE

Answer 14

1 -  Perform hand hygiene
2 - Gown
3 - Mask
4 - Goggles
5 - Gloves