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AS: Vietnam Flashcards

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1
Q

List the French colonies in Indo-China (3 points)

A

Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam

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2
Q

List the British colonies in Indo-China (3 points)

A

Burma, Malaya, Singapore

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3
Q

Years of Japan’s takeover of Indo-China

A

1941 - 1942

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4
Q

Population of Vietnam in 1945

A

35m

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5
Q

Population of Laos in 1945

A

2m

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6
Q

Population of Cambodia in 1945

A

6.5m

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7
Q

Date of the establishment of the Indo-Chinese Communist Party

A

1930

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8
Q

Aims of the ICCP (2 points)

A
  1. Independence

2. Communism

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9
Q

Date of the establishment of the Viet Minh

A

1941

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10
Q

Name of the coalition formed to fight for Vietnamese independence

A

Viet Minh

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11
Q

What did the Viet Minh do during World War 2, and whose help did they have?

A

Fight the Japanese occupation; USA

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12
Q

Why was it particularly difficult for the French to reassert control in Vietnam after World War 2?

A

The Viet Minh had proclaimed independence

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13
Q

Factors which helped the French in Vietnam in 1945 (4 points)

A
  1. Had help from Great Britain
  2. Ho Chi Minh lacked influence in the South
  3. Ho Chi Minh was willing to negotiate
  4. USA wouldn’t help the Viet Minh
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14
Q

Dates of the First Indo-China War

A

December 1946 - August 1954

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15
Q

Why was USA concerned about Vietnam?

A

Domino theory

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16
Q

Why was it difficult for the USA to support the French in Vietnam, despite being a French ally?

A

Anti-colonialist ideology

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17
Q

Name the leader of the French puppet government in Vietnam until 1955

A

Bao Dai

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18
Q

Date that USA officially recognised the Bao Dai government

A

February 1950

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19
Q

In late 1950, what aid did USA send to the French in Vietnam?

A

A ship full of military hardware

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20
Q

By December 1953, how many tons of equipment per month was USA sending to the French in Vietnam?

A

10k

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21
Q

By December 1953, how much financial aid per year was USA sending to the French in Vietnam?

A

$500m

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22
Q

By December 1953, what percentage of the costs of the First Indo-China War was USA paying?

A

75% - 80%

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23
Q

Reasons why USA became involved in the First Indo-China War (2 points)

A
  1. Containment policy

2. Wanted French support in NATO

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24
Q

Why did Eisenhower cut defence spending?

A

‘I will go to Korea’ election promise

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25
Q

Name the first conventional battle in the First Indo-China War

A

Dien Bien Phu

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26
Q

Date of the Battle of Dien Bien Phu

A

March - May 1954

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27
Q

Outcome of the Battle of Dien Bien Phu

A

The French lost

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28
Q

Dates of communist insurgency in Malaya

A

1948 - 1962

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29
Q

Factors for the communist insurgency in Malaya (3 points)

A
  1. Ideology (communism v. capitalism)
  2. Colonialism (British v. Malayans)
  3. Inter-racial conflict (Chinese v. Malayans)
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30
Q

Which two countries contributed to the feeling of domino theory in S.E.Asia?

A

China and Malaya

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31
Q

Dates of the Geneva Conference

A

May - July 1954

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32
Q

Which two countries chaired the Geneva Conference?

A

Great Britain and USSR

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33
Q

During the Geneva Conference, which country wasn’t directly involved, yet exercised considerable influence?

A

USA

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34
Q

What change enabled the deal made at the Geneva Conference between France and China in June?

A

Change in French government

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35
Q

Terms of the 1954 Geneva Accords (6 points)

A
  1. First Indo-China War over
  2. Vietnam divided at 17th Parallel:
    a. DRV under control of Viet Minh
    b. RVN under control of Bao Dai
  3. Laos and Cambodia were to be independent and neutral
  4. To be re-unifying elections in 1956
  5. No foreign troops allowed in Vietnam, Laos, or Cambodia
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36
Q

Who was expected to win the 1956 elections, and why?

A

Ho Chi Minh, because DRV had a larger population

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37
Q

Date that Ngo Dinh Diem was made Prime Minister of RVN

A

June 1954

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38
Q

Date that USA extended massive aid to South Vietnam under MAAG

A

September 1954

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39
Q

What was the purpose of the MAAG?

A

To train the ARVN (Army of the Republic of Vietnam)

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40
Q

Elements in RVN which Diem dealt with effectively (2 points)

A
  1. Binh Xuyen (criminal organisation)

2. 2 powerful sects

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41
Q

Name of the US organisation which gathered support for Diem

A

The American Friends of Vietnam

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42
Q

Date that Bao Dai abdicated

A

October 1955

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43
Q

Date that Diem was President of RVN

A

October 1955

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44
Q

Which group migrated en masse from North to South Vietnam up to 1956, encouraged by priests and CIA propaganda?

A

Catholics

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45
Q

Why didn’t Viet Minh supporters migrate from South to North Vietnam up to 1956?

A

Assumption that Viet Minh would win 1956 elections

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46
Q

Why did the reunifying 1956 election fail to take place?

A

Diem refused to discuss it

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47
Q

Name of Diem’s brother, head of RVN security forces

A

Ngo Dinh Nhu

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48
Q

What did Nhu do as Head of the Security Forces?

A

Arrested and killed thousands of Viet Minh dissidents

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49
Q

Date of the establishment of SEATO

A

September 1954

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50
Q

Signatories of SEATO (8 points)

A
  1. Australia
  2. Great Britain
  3. France
  4. New Zealand
  5. Pakistan
  6. Philippines
  7. Thailand
  8. USA
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51
Q

Aims of SEATO (2 points)

A
  1. Mutual defence

2. Containment

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52
Q

Year that Diem joined SEATO as associate member (breaking Geneva Accords)

A

1956

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53
Q

Reasons why containment policy seemed successful by 1959 (3 points)

A
  1. Communist insurgency in Malaya mostly defeated
  2. RVN seemed to be a viable state
  3. DRV hadn’t interfered in RVN
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54
Q

Name of native Communist group in Laos

A

Pathet Lao

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55
Q

Year that DRV sent insurgents to RVN

A

1959

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56
Q

Year that Ho Chi Minh Trail reactivated

A

1959

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57
Q

Date of the establishment of NLF (National Liberation Front - an anti-Diem coalition)

A

December 1960

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58
Q

Name of policy which aimed to move peasants to new rural towns to access welfare and guard them from Communist fighters

A

Agrovilles

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59
Q

Group, which constituted the majority of the Vietnamese population, discriminated against by the Diem regime

A

Buddhists

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60
Q

Who did Diem dedicate the new RVN to?

A

Virgin Mary

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61
Q

Date that 2 ARVN Colonels attacked the Presidential Palace with soldiers, increased Diem’s distrust of anyone outside of his family

A

November 1960

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62
Q

What did Kennedy play up in his election campaign?

A

His anti-communist stance

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63
Q

Increase in defence spending under Kennedy

A

$40b - $56b per year

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64
Q

List one type of equipment increased hugely under Kennedy

A

Nuclear delivery vehicles

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65
Q

Name of the elite US forces sent to Vietnam under Kennedy

A

Green Berets

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66
Q

Name of Secretary of Defence chosen by Kennedy

A

Robert McNamara

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67
Q

Name and date of thesis written by Kennedy showing his strong anti-appeasement stance

A

Why England Slept; 1940

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68
Q

Reasons for the increase in US involvement in Vietnam under Kennedy

A
  1. Domino Theory
  2. Anti-appeasement stance
  3. US confidence
  4. Red Scare
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69
Q

Situation inherited by Kennedy: number of military personnel in RVN by January 1960, in breach of the Geneva Accords

A

<1k

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70
Q

Name of tactic used to conceal US presence in Vietnam

A

Surreptitious intervention

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71
Q

Date of step up in surreptitious intervention

A

March 1961

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72
Q

US planes were used in Vietnam to destroy hostile aircraft. What did they officially describe any damage which occurred in combat as?

A

Accidental

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73
Q

Name, and date of publication, of the document which set out Kennedy’s policy in Vietnam: a “blueprint for escalation”

A

NSAM52; May 1961

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74
Q

Date of Johnson’s fact-finding mission in Vietnam, which convinced him that only Diem could stop a communist takeover

A

May 1961

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75
Q

Increase in US military spending in Vietnam in 1961

A

$220m - $262m

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76
Q

Date of the Taylor-Rostow fact-finding mission, which recommended increasing aid to RVN and deploying troops

A

October 1961

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77
Q

What supplies to Vietnam did Kennedy increase in response to the Taylor-Rostow fact-finding mission

A
  1. Trainers

2. Air support

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78
Q

Year of the Geneva negotiations between USA and USSR over Laos

A

1961

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79
Q

Year of Geneva Accords establishing a neutral Laos, after which US advisors left but DRV troops remained

A

1962

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80
Q

Number of US military personnel in RVN inherited by Johnson

A

> 16k

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81
Q

Reason for Johnson’s continuation of involvement in Vietnam (despite the fact that Kennedy himself was unsure about whether to stay in Vietnam)

A

Kennedy legacy

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82
Q

Why was Diem so incompetent at leading the ARVN?

A

He was over-anxious to prevent casualties

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83
Q

Year that Diem expelled NBC, CBS, and Newsweek journalists for reporting his defects

A

1962

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84
Q

Name of fortified villages introduced in RVN to prevent locals being intimidated by the Viet Cong

A

Strategic hamlets

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85
Q

Name and date of conventional battle between ARVN and Viet Cong, where ARVN had 4 times the troops of the Viet Cong and better hardware but still lost

A

Ap Bac; January 1963

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86
Q

Date of the banning of Buddhist religious flags in RVN

A

May 1963

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87
Q

Date of Wesak protests, where security forces killed 9 people

A

May 1963

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88
Q

Date of Buddhist monk Thich Quang Duc self-immolated

A

June 1963

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89
Q

Date of Diem (and his brother) being deposed and killed (which CIA had prior knowledge of)

A

November 1963

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90
Q

Year that Nguyen Van Thieu came to prominence

A

1967

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91
Q

Year that DRV decided to increase the number of troops and hardware to the Viet Cong

A

1963

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92
Q

Year that DRV regiments began to operate in RVN, especially at the border near Laos and Cambodia

A

1964

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93
Q

Tactic used by USSR in Vietnam

A

Covert action

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94
Q

Reason for staying in Vietnam by 1964

A

1964 election

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95
Q

Date by which the Joint Chiefs of Staff wanted war in DRV

A

January 1964

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96
Q

What percentage of RVN was under Viet Cong control by March 1964?

A

30% - 40%

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97
Q

Date of the drafting of a bill which would enable the President to act against enemies without consulting Congress

A

March 1964

98
Q

Date that USS Maddox attacked by DRV patrol boats

A

2 August 1964

99
Q

Date that USS Maddox, and another destroyer, claimed to have been attacked (a claim supported by their radar, but not by any actual sightings)

A

4 August 1964

100
Q

What caused Congress to pass the bill drafted in March 1964 which gave the President the power to “take all necessary measures to repel armed attacks against the forces of USA and to prevent further aggression”

A

Gulf of Tonkin incident

101
Q

Date of the Viet Cong attack on US Pleiku air base

A

February 1965

102
Q

Name of advisor sent on 1965 fact-finding mission during the attack on Pleiku air base, who advised bombing of the Viet Cong to force talks

A

McGeorge Bundy

103
Q

Date that Operation Rolling Thunder (bombing DRV) began

A

March 1965

104
Q

Date that Operation Steel Tiger (bombing the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos) began

A

April 1965

105
Q

What percentage of Americans were in favour of the Vietnam War according to a 1965 Gallup poll?

A

67%

106
Q

How much did USA spend on bombing in Vietnam for each $1 of damage caused?

A

$9.60

107
Q

List 4 reasons why US bombing in Vietnam was ineffective

A
  1. Unexploded bombs gave enemy weapons
  2. Napalm and defoliates ineffective
  3. Few suitable targets in rural DRV
  4. Border and Haiphong Harbour were off-limits
108
Q

Date that 2 US marine battalions were sent to protect Da Nang air base

A

March 1965

109
Q

Who argued in 1965 that USA should either pull out of Vietnam or send more men?

A

General Westmoreland

110
Q

In 1965, President Johnson increased the number of military personnel in Vietnam to how many men?

A

125k

111
Q

What method was used in 1965 to gather more US troops, instead of sending out the reserves (which would signal an emergency)?

A

The draft

112
Q

Name and date of first conventional battle between USA and DRV

A

Ia Drang; November 1965

113
Q

Tactic used by USA at Ia Drang

A

Search and destroy

114
Q

DRV tactic at Ia Drang

A

Beat ARVN before US forces arrived

115
Q

Number of DRV troops killed at Ia Drang, compared to US troops

A

3651 v. 305

116
Q

Where did DRV retreat to after Ia Drang?

A

The Cambodian border

117
Q

What 2 things proved effective for USA at Ia Drang?

A
  1. Air power

2. Fire power

118
Q

After Ia Drang, what tactics did DRV revert to, to try to wear down US forces?

A

Guerrilla tactics

119
Q

Number of US troops in Vietnam by 1967

A

<500k

120
Q

2 notable US allies who refused to support the Vietnam War

A
  1. Britain

2. France

121
Q

Date that General Westmoreland assured Congress that the enemy was losing in Vietnam

A

November 1967

122
Q

4 problems in RVN by 1967

A
  1. Thieu was dictatorial
  2. Number of DRV insurgents was growing
  3. Equipment from USSR was improved
  4. The Ho Chi Minh Trail hadn’t been cut
123
Q

What percentage of Americans favoured immediate withdrawal from Vietnam before 1968, compared to after 1968?

A

<10% v. 25%

124
Q

What increased public awareness of, and opposition to, the Vietnam War?

A

It was the first televised war

125
Q

Location and date of first ‘teach-in’ to protest the Vietnam War

A

University of Michigan; March 1965

126
Q

Location of biggest ‘teach-in’, and number of participants

A

Berkeley, California; >20k

127
Q

Number of ‘teach-ins’ in 1965

A

120

128
Q

Name of US Quaker who self-immolated in protest of the Vietnam War, and date of self-immolation

A

Norman Morris; November 1965

129
Q

Date that Martin Luther King publicly criticised the Vietnam War (for sending a disproportionate number of black men through the draft)

A

February 1967

130
Q

Number of anti-war demonstrations in New York in 1967

A

200k

131
Q

Number of anti-war demonstrations in Washington DC in 1967

A

100k

132
Q

Number of anti-war demonstrations in San Francisco in 1967

A

50k

133
Q

Ratio of US public anti-demonstrations compared to pro-demonstrations

A

3 to 1

134
Q

During the 1965 ‘teach-ins’, what percentage of US public was in favour of the Vietnam War?

A

70%

135
Q

Which age group were the strongest supporters of the Vietnam War in 1965, according to a Gallup poll?

A

21 - 30

136
Q

Name of politician who proposed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and chaired the Foreign Relations Committee, but by 1966 was organising televised hearings to mobilise opposition to the Vietnam War

A

Senator Fulbright

137
Q

Name of Cold War expert who created containment policy, but later argued that Vietnam wasn’t a vital interest and the war jeopardised US interests elsewhere

A

George Kennan

138
Q

Name of retired general who was a former Assistant Chief of Staff, but testified that the Vietnam War was a misuse of US resources

A

General Gavin

139
Q

Name of committee which acted as an umbrella group against the Vietnam War

A

NCCEWVN (National Coordinating Committee to End the War in Vietnam)

140
Q

By 1967, how many Senators openly opposed the Vietnam War (although many more did in private)?

A

12

141
Q

3 pronged plan of DRV for the Tet Offensive

A
  1. Assault RVN cities to cause anti-Thieu uprising
  2. Dig miles of tunnels to hide troops and weapons
  3. Lure US army away with border fighting
142
Q

Name and date of failed DRV campaign of surprise attacks on RVN

A

Tet Offensive; January - February 1968

143
Q

Name and date of major assault on remote US marine base near Laos border; the first assault of the Tet Offensive

A

Khe Sanh assault; 20 January 1968

144
Q

Number of DRV troops at Khe Sanh, compared to US marines

A

20k v. 6k

145
Q

How long did the Khe Sanh assault last for?

A

3 months

146
Q

Date that unscheduled attacks began on RVN towns during the Tet Offensive, a day early

A

30 January 1968

147
Q

Saigon building nearly captured by the Viet Cong during the Tet Offensive, to US embarrassment

A

US embassy

148
Q

Saigon building captured by the Viet Cong during the Tet Offensive, to which the electricity was cut before a message from Ho Chi Minh could be broadcast

A

Radio station

149
Q

Saigon building which failed to be captured by the Viet Cong during the Tet Offensive

A

Presidential Palace

150
Q

Date by which nearly all Tet Offensive attacks were over, with the perpetrators either captured or killed

A

1 February 1968

151
Q

City, strategically placed half way between Hanoi and Saigon, successfully captured by DRV during the Tet Offensive

A

Hue

152
Q

Date that Hue retaken after the Tet Offensive

A

24 February 1968

153
Q

Number of US deaths in Vietnam by 1968

A

14650

154
Q

Number of provincial capitals attacked by the Communists in 1968

A

44

155
Q

Number of district capitals attacked by the Communists in 1968

A

64

156
Q

Number of Communist troops killed and wounded

A

50k - 60k; 100k

157
Q

What event effectively finished the Viet Cong as a fighting force?

A

The Tet Offensive

158
Q

What event turned US public opinion against the Vietnam War?

A

The Tet Offensive

159
Q

Date that 20m US watched live as an RVN General shot a Viet Cong fighter

A

3 February 1968

160
Q

Name of popular reporter who called for a negotiated peace in Vietnam, and who said in a report: “What the hell’s going on here, I thought we were winning this war?”

A

Walter Cronkite

161
Q

What percentage of US public became anti-war between February and March 1968, according to a Gallup poll?

A

20%

162
Q

In 1968, how many more troops did the Joint Chiefs of Staff request to be sent to Vietnam, a request which was flatly rejected?

A

206k

163
Q

Name of the new Secretary of Defence in 1968, one of many who advised negotiation in Vietnam, a stance which shook President Johnson

A

Clark Clifford

164
Q

2 things which President Johnson decided to do in Vietnam in 1968

A
  1. Reduce bombing

2. Seek negotiations

165
Q

Why were negotiations with DRV difficult?

A

For them, takeover was the only option

166
Q

Date that negotiations began between USA and DRV in Paris

A

May 1968

167
Q

Name of Democratic candidate for the 1968 election, favoured by peaceniks, who was assassinated before the election

A

Robert Kennedy

168
Q

Name of Democratic candidate chosen to run for the 1968 election after Robert Kennedy’s assassination, who had been President Johnson’s Vice President

A

Hubert Humphrey

169
Q

Location and date of violence breaking out over the choice of Hubert Humphrey as the Democratic candidate for the 1968 election

A

Chicago Democratic Conference; August 1968

170
Q

Name of Republican candidate for the 1968 election, who campaigned as both anti-Communist and anti-war

A

Richard Nixon

171
Q

Who did President Johnson keep well briefed about the Paris negotiations, as the suspected next President?

A

Richard Nixon

172
Q

Why did USSR pressure DRV to accept RVN at the Paris negotiations?

A

USSR feared Nixon

173
Q

What did Nixon do in regards to the Paris negotiations, as he feared that peace would favour the Democrats in the 1968 election?

A

Encourage Thieu not to attend

174
Q

How did President Johnson know about Nixon encouraging Thieu not to attend the Paris negotiations, which meant that he couldn’t make it public?

A

Illegal wire-taps

175
Q

Date that Nixon stated: “Our interests must shape our commitments, not the other way round”

A

February 1970

176
Q

Date that Henry Kissinger was appointed National Security Advisor by Nixon

A

1969

177
Q

Date that Henry Kissinger was appointed Secretary of State by Nixon

A

1973

178
Q

Personal ideology of both Nixon and Kissinger

A

Realists

179
Q

USA was relatively weaker in 1969 than in 1945 or even 1960. What was a significant factor in this?

A

The Vietnam War

180
Q

Nixon’s aim for ending the Vietnam war

A

Peace with honour

181
Q

Event during 1960s which enabled Nixon to play off of USSR and China to improve relations with both

A

Sino-Soviet Split

182
Q

Method used by Nixon: giving concessions in some areas, so that USSR would pressure DRV to be reasonable in negotiations

A

Linkage

183
Q

2 advantages for USA in getting DRV to compromise in negotiations

A
  1. Viet Cong weak after the Tet Offensive

2. USSR and China could pressure DRV

184
Q

Name and date of previous agreement which made DRV distrustful of a peace agreement

A

Geneva Accords; 1954

185
Q

2 points of disagreement between USA and DRV in peace negotiations

A
  1. Status of RVN

2. DRV troops in RVN

186
Q

Disadvantage for USA in getting DRV to compromise in negotiations

A

Public opposition

187
Q

Date that US troops in Vietnam peaked, and number of troops at peak

A

April 1969; 543k

188
Q

DRV tactic to increase US public opposition to the war and decrease US troop morale

A

Maximise US dead

189
Q

2 problems which arose from low morale by 1969

A
  1. Fragging

2. Drug use

190
Q

What percentage of US troops had used marijuana by 1971?

A

69%

191
Q

What reduced the effectiveness and discipline of US troops from 1969?

A

1 year tour

192
Q

Change in US tactics from 1969 which increased their control of the country, from large search and destroy units to…

A

small-unit actions

193
Q

In 1968, what percentage of RVN was under central control, compared to by September 1969?

A

20% v. 50%

194
Q

Name of US programme which captured, tortured, and assassinated suspected Viet Cong leaders, aiming to disrupt enemy infrastructure

A

Phoenix Programme

195
Q

Date when Phoenix Programme ended after it was discovered by the press

A

1972

196
Q

Number of Viet Cong leaders captured under the Phoenix Programme between 1968 and 1972, compared to the number converted

A

29k v. 18k

197
Q

Name of policy under Nixon which withdrew US troops while strengthening ARVN

A

Vietnamisation

198
Q

Number of machine guns given by USA to ARVN as part of Vietnamisation

A

12k

199
Q

Increase in ARVN troops due to Vietnamisation

A

850k - 1m

200
Q

Number of ARVN deserters a year

A

> 100k

201
Q

Problem with ARVN which meant that they would fight well locally, but would desert in distant areas

A

Localised units

202
Q

Event which should the desertion and panic of ARVN after Vietnamisation

A

1971 Laos campaign

203
Q

Ineffective US tactic used to block supplies to NVA in RVN

A

Air operations in Laos and Cambodia

204
Q

Date of US and RVN troops first crossing into Laos and Cambodia, capturing huge stores (if not their aim of a major NVA headquarters) which seriously disrupted NVA operations in RVN

A

April 1970

205
Q

US public reaction to 1970 incursion to Laos and Cambodia

A

Protests

206
Q

Date that ARVN alone attacked NVA bases in Laos

A

1971

207
Q

US tactic to enable troops to leave under Vietnamisation

A

Increase air power

208
Q

Date that USA mined Haiphong Harbour to prevent USSR supplies coming through

A

May 1972

209
Q

Name of Nixon’s Democratic opponent in the 1972 election, who lost because of his willingness to “crawl to Hanoi” to end the war, despite the public wanting peace with honour

A

George McGovern

210
Q

Date that 2m Americans left work to protest the Vietnam War in 200 cities

A

15 October 1969

211
Q

What percentage of US public approved of Nixon’s approach in Vietnam in October 1969?

A

68%

212
Q

Date of Nixon’s ‘Silent Majority’ speech

A

November 1969

213
Q

Location and date of anti-war protest where the National Guard opened fire and killed 4 people, which triggered further demonstrations

A

Kent State University; April 1970

214
Q

Date that the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was repealed

A

January 1971

215
Q

Date that US spending bills forbade action in Laos and Cambodia

A

January 1971

216
Q

Dates that Congress voted 17 times to restrict the President in South East Asia

A

April - June 1971

217
Q

Name of report detailing the history of US involvement in Vietnam, which greatly embarrassed Nixon, and date of publication

A

Pentagon Papers; June 1971

218
Q

Date from which Kissinger was in secret peace talks with DRV

A

August 1969

219
Q

Date of the first breakthrough in Nixon’s peace negotiations: that USA wouldn’t insist on NVA withdrawing from RVN

A

May 1971

220
Q

Date of second breakthrough in Nixon’s peace negotiations: because DRV offensive had failed

A

1972

221
Q

Obstacle in peace deal being struck in October 1972

A

Thieu thought there were too many concessions

222
Q

Date that DRV left peace talks

A

12 December 1972

223
Q

Name of bombing operation which forced DRV back to peace talks with Nixon

A

Operation Linebacker II

224
Q

Date that ceasefire signed between USA and DRV in Vietnam

A

27 January 1973

225
Q

Date that General Thieu’s regime collapsed

A

1975

226
Q

Date that NVA entered Saigon as part of a lightening campaign begun in March

A

April 1975

227
Q

2 reasons why RVN was seriously weak in 1975

A
  1. Economic crisis

2. US financial aid was scaled down by Congress

228
Q

Number of RVN refugees who settled in USA in 1975

A

90k

229
Q

Date that Vietnam reunified as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam

A

1976

230
Q

Number who left Vietnam in the late 1970s

A

1.5m

231
Q

Name of Communists who seized power in Cambodia, and dates of time in power

A

Khmer Rouge; 1975 - 1978

232
Q

Number of Cambodians killed by the Khmer Rouge during their time in power

A

1m - 2m

233
Q

Name of communists who seized power in Laos, and date of rise to power

A

Pathet Lao; 1975

234
Q

2 prosperous capitalist countries in South East Asia

A
  1. Malaya

2. Thailand

235
Q

Number of dead and refugees in Vietnam as a result of the war

A

3m; 15m

236
Q

Total cost of the Vietnam War to USA

A

$167b

237
Q

2 effects of US spending being diverted to Vietnam

A
  1. Limited Great Society

2. Fuelled 1970s inflation

238
Q

Date that the dollar left the gold standard, and was devalued against other currencies

A

1971

239
Q

Number of US dead and wounded in Vietnam

A

56k; 300k

240
Q

Name and date of Congressional act limiting Presidential power, in response to the misuse of power in the Vietnam War: it insisted on Congressional approval within 30 days of a President committing troops to action

A

War Powers Act; 1973

241
Q

4 reasons why USA lost in Vietnam

A
  1. Conflicting wills
  2. Mobilisation
  3. Resources
  4. US mistakes

History (5 decks)

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