AS: Korea Flashcards
Revise for AS exam
1
Q
Date of Hiroshima bomb
A
6 August 1945
2
Q
Casualties from Hiroshima bomb
A
>100k
3
Q
Date of Hiroshima bomb
A
9 August 1945
4
Q
Casualties from Nagasaki bomb
A
>35k
5
Q
Date of Japanese surrender after World War 2
A
2 September 1945
6
Q
Soviet GNP in 1945 (as percentage of US GNP)
A
- 25% of USA’s GNP
7
Q
Following World War 2, USSR relied on loans from where?
A
USA
8
Q
By 1945, what 3 factors had weakened China?
A
- World War 2
- War with Japan
- Regime of Chiang Kai-Shek
9
Q
By 1945, in what 2 ways did China rely on USA?
A
- US instructors in army
- US sent $2b in aid
10
Q
What was the US GNP in 1939 compared to in 1945? (without inflation)
A
$88b v. $135b
11
Q
Date of establishment of the People’s Republic of China
A
October 1949
12
Q
Name and date of alliance between China and USSR
A
Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance; February 1950
13
Q
USA defence spending in 1948 compared to USSR
A
$10.9b v. $13.1b
14
Q
In 1949, what did USA raise their defence spending to?
A
$13.5b
15
Q
USA troops in 1948 compared to USSR
A
640k v. 2.6m
16
Q
USA armoured divisions in 1948 compared to USSR
A
1 v. 30
17
Q
Date of Soviets’ successful testing of atomic bomb
A
August 1949
18
Q
Name and date of secret report on US military strength under Truman
A
NSC68; April 1950
19
Q
Suggestion for defence spending in NSC68
A
Increase from $35b p.a. to $50 p.a.
20
Q
Name and date of the introduction of Truman’s policy of ‘containing Communism’
A
Truman Doctrine; March 1947
21
Q
Date of USSR stating that there could be no long term peace with capitalism
A
1950
22
Q
Historic rulers of Korea until 1895
A
China
23
Q
Rulers of Korea from 1895 to 1945
A
Japan
24
Q
Date of Soviets arriving in Korean peninsula
A
9 August 1945
25
Location and date of partition of Korea
38th parallel; 11 August 1945
26
Troops from which country were in Korea at the time of the partition?
USSR
27
Helpful factor for USSR in Korea
Koreans had fought for USSR or Chinese Communists
28
Problematic factor for USA in Korea
Had to rely on hated Japanese translators
29
Name, and dates, of the interim government in DRK
Provisional People's Committee; February 1946 - July 1948
30
Name of government in ROK, and date elected
KDP (Korean Democratic Party); May 1948
31
Name, and date of establishment, of DRK's army
NKPA (North Korean People's Army); February 1948
32
Date of establishment of ROK's army, and name of US advisory body for it
1948; KMAG (Korean Military Advisory Group)
33
DRK leader
Kim Il Sung
34
ROK leader
Syngman Rhee
35
People with links to which country were sidelined in DRK?
China
36
List two methods used by the Communists in DRK to gain popular support
1. Land redistribution
2. Collaboration with other Left parties
37
Problem with Kim Il Sung's regime
Totalitarian
38
Which political group was Syngman Rhee's regime linked to?
The Chinese Nationalists
39
Problem with Syngman Rhee's regime
Corruption
40
Nature and date of first aggression in Korea
Border raids; 1949
41
Year when USSR provided DRK with:
1. 87 T-34 tanks
2. Armoured vehicles
3. Self-propelled guns
4. Military aircraft
5. PLA veterans
1949
42
What was so concerning about Soviet resources given to DRK leading up to 1950?
Equipment for attack, not defence
43
Date when USSR provided DRK with equipment for 3 additional divisions
February 1950
44
Year by which USSR had provided DRK with:
1. T-34 tanks
2. SU-76 guns
3. Howitzers
4. River-crossing gear
May 1950
45
Number of tanks supplied to DRK by June 1950
242
46
Number of aircraft supplied to DRK by June 1950
\>200
47
Number of vehicles in ROK army by 1950
27
48
Number of tanks in ROK army by 1950
0
49
Number of aircraft in ROK army by 1950
22
50
Date of first attack on ROK
25 June 1950
51
Dates of Seoul changing control
29 June 1950: to DRK
29 September 1950: to ROK
4 January 1951: to DRK
14 March 1951: to ROK
52
Date of UN Security Council authorising force to assist ROK, with US General MacArthur as leader of United Nations Command
27 June 1950
53
Why did the USA intervene in Korea? (2 points)
1. Containment policy
2. Duty to defend sovereign states
54
In the initial 1950 assault, how many divisions did NKPA have?
7 divisions with 3 in support
55
In the initial 1950 assault, how many Soviet aircraft did NKPA have?
\>200
56
In the initial 1950 assault, how many troops did NKPA have?
135k
57
In the initial 1950 assault, what percentage of NKPA troops were veterans from the Chinese civil war?
33%
58
In the initial 1950 assault, how many troops did ROK army have?
95k
59
In the initial 1950 assault, what percentage of ROK vehicles were out of action?
33%
60
In the initial 1950 assault, what 3 types of equipment did ROK lack?
1. Tanks
2. Anti-tank weapons
3. Spare parts
61
Name of first US division in Korea, and date of arrival
24th Infantry Division; 1 July 1950
62
Nature of 24th Infantry Division (compared to the rest of MacArthur's forces)
Weakest of MacArthur's forces
63
NKPA advantage over UNC
Mobility
64
Leader of 8th US Army
General Walker
65
Date of UNC forces being pushed back to Pusan Perimeter
August 1950
66
New UNC supplies in September 1950 (3 points)
1. Better bazookas
2. Pershing tanks
3. Commonwealth Brigade
67
Number of civilians killed by DRK forces from June to September 1950
26k
68
Type of people executed by ROK forces
Suspected communists
69
Name of date of first UNC counterstrike
Inchon landing; 15 September 1950
70
General in charge of Inchon landing
Almond
71
MacArthur's 1950 promise about progress of war, and was it achieved?
UNC would reach Seoul in 3 months; achieved
72
Date of UNC crossing 38th Parallel
1 October 1950
73
Date of Chinese PM (Zhou Enlai) warning of Chinese intervention of USA entered DRK
2 October 1950
74
What percentage of US public was in favour of UNC crossing 38th Parallel?
64%
75
Name of MacArthur's Head of Intelligence in Korea, who constantly underestimated the number and quality of Chinese troops across the border in Manchuria
Willoughby
76
Around 1950 in the State Department, moderates such as Kennan were replaced by agressors such as...
Foster Dulles
77
Leader of UNC in west and east of DRK
Walker; Almond
78
Name and date of UNC repeat of Inchon landing, on east coast of DRK
Wonsan landing; October 1950
79
Success of Wonsan landing
Failure
80
Date when UNC reached narrowest point of the peninsula
October 1950
81
Date and duration of first Chinese intervention
1 - 2 November 1950; 1 week
82
Number of Chinese troops in first intervention
\>150k
83
Nature of PVA (People's Volunteer Army), which meant that they weren't limited to moving on roads
Light armed infantry
84
How many Chinese troops formed the Dragon Attack against Walker, forcing him to begin the Great Retreat?
\>200k
85
How many Chinese troops formed the Dragon Attack against Almond, which his troops managed to fend off (although, due to Walker's failure, he was forced to retreat anyway)?
120k - 150k
86
After Walker's death, who was his replacement?
Ridgeway
87
Dates of the Great Retreat
October 1950 - February 1951
88
Length of the Great Retreat, and endpoint
300 miles; south of Seoul
89
In December 1950, what did MacArthur blame the failure of the invasion of DRK on?
European allies blocking the bombing of Manchurian bases
90
What did MacArthur state on 15 March 1951, and why was this problematic?
All Korea was his goal; Truman had decided to stop at 38th Parallel
91
Date that MacArthur was reprimanded for his reaction to Truman's decision to seek a ceasefire
20 March 1951
92
MacArthur sent a letter to the Republican leader in the House of Representatives, stating that there was "no substitute for victory". On what date was it read out in Congress?
5 April 1951
93
Date that MacArthur sacked
11 April 1951
94
Date from which USA and Chinese commander Peng wanted Korean armistice
March 1951
95
Event which convinced Mao to end the war
Failure of the Spring Offensive to retake Seoul
96
What did USSR use the Korean armistice negotiations as?
Anti-US propaganda
97
List the 2 main sticking points during the Korean armistice negotiations
1. Boundaries
2. Return of POWs
98
Percentage of Koreans reported killed, wounded, or missing during the war
10%
99
Number of homes destroyed during the war
60k
100
Number of DRK industrial plants destroyed during war
8.7k
101
Population decline in DRK during the war
9m - 7m
102
Number of ROK troops killed and wounded during the war
415k; 429k
103
By 1954, how much had Japan earned in defence sales to USA?
$3b
104
Number of Chinese troops killed during the war
\>150k
105
What did the Korean War convince Peng of the need for?
A more technological army
106
Number of US troops killed and wounded during the war
\>30k; \>100k
107
US defence spending in 1948 compared to in 1953
4% GNP; 14% GNP
