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History > AS: Korea > Flashcards

AS: Korea Flashcards

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1
Q

Date of Hiroshima bomb

A

6 August 1945

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2
Q

Casualties from Hiroshima bomb

A

>100k

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3
Q

Date of Hiroshima bomb

A

9 August 1945

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4
Q

Casualties from Nagasaki bomb

A

>35k

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5
Q

Date of Japanese surrender after World War 2

A

2 September 1945

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6
Q

Soviet GNP in 1945 (as percentage of US GNP)

A
  1. 25% of USA’s GNP
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7
Q

Following World War 2, USSR relied on loans from where?

A

USA

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8
Q

By 1945, what 3 factors had weakened China?

A
  1. World War 2
  2. War with Japan
  3. Regime of Chiang Kai-Shek
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9
Q

By 1945, in what 2 ways did China rely on USA?

A
  1. US instructors in army
  2. US sent $2b in aid
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10
Q

What was the US GNP in 1939 compared to in 1945? (without inflation)

A

$88b v. $135b

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11
Q

Date of establishment of the People’s Republic of China

A

October 1949

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12
Q

Name and date of alliance between China and USSR

A

Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance; February 1950

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13
Q

USA defence spending in 1948 compared to USSR

A

$10.9b v. $13.1b

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14
Q

In 1949, what did USA raise their defence spending to?

A

$13.5b

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15
Q

USA troops in 1948 compared to USSR

A

640k v. 2.6m

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16
Q

USA armoured divisions in 1948 compared to USSR

A

1 v. 30

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17
Q

Date of Soviets’ successful testing of atomic bomb

A

August 1949

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18
Q

Name and date of secret report on US military strength under Truman

A

NSC68; April 1950

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19
Q

Suggestion for defence spending in NSC68

A

Increase from $35b p.a. to $50 p.a.

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20
Q

Name and date of the introduction of Truman’s policy of ‘containing Communism’

A

Truman Doctrine; March 1947

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21
Q

Date of USSR stating that there could be no long term peace with capitalism

A

1950

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22
Q

Historic rulers of Korea until 1895

A

China

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23
Q

Rulers of Korea from 1895 to 1945

A

Japan

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24
Q

Date of Soviets arriving in Korean peninsula

A

9 August 1945

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25
Q

Location and date of partition of Korea

A

38th parallel; 11 August 1945

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26
Q

Troops from which country were in Korea at the time of the partition?

A

USSR

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27
Q

Helpful factor for USSR in Korea

A

Koreans had fought for USSR or Chinese Communists

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28
Q

Problematic factor for USA in Korea

A

Had to rely on hated Japanese translators

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29
Q

Name, and dates, of the interim government in DRK

A

Provisional People’s Committee; February 1946 - July 1948

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30
Q

Name of government in ROK, and date elected

A

KDP (Korean Democratic Party); May 1948

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31
Q

Name, and date of establishment, of DRK’s army

A

NKPA (North Korean People’s Army); February 1948

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32
Q

Date of establishment of ROK’s army, and name of US advisory body for it

A

1948; KMAG (Korean Military Advisory Group)

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33
Q

DRK leader

A

Kim Il Sung

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34
Q

ROK leader

A

Syngman Rhee

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35
Q

People with links to which country were sidelined in DRK?

A

China

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36
Q

List two methods used by the Communists in DRK to gain popular support

A
  1. Land redistribution
  2. Collaboration with other Left parties
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37
Q

Problem with Kim Il Sung’s regime

A

Totalitarian

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38
Q

Which political group was Syngman Rhee’s regime linked to?

A

The Chinese Nationalists

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39
Q

Problem with Syngman Rhee’s regime

A

Corruption

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40
Q

Nature and date of first aggression in Korea

A

Border raids; 1949

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41
Q

Year when USSR provided DRK with:

  1. 87 T-34 tanks
  2. Armoured vehicles
  3. Self-propelled guns
  4. Military aircraft
  5. PLA veterans
A

1949

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42
Q

What was so concerning about Soviet resources given to DRK leading up to 1950?

A

Equipment for attack, not defence

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43
Q

Date when USSR provided DRK with equipment for 3 additional divisions

A

February 1950

44
Q

Year by which USSR had provided DRK with:

  1. T-34 tanks
  2. SU-76 guns
  3. Howitzers
  4. River-crossing gear
A

May 1950

45
Q

Number of tanks supplied to DRK by June 1950

A

242

46
Q

Number of aircraft supplied to DRK by June 1950

A

>200

47
Q

Number of vehicles in ROK army by 1950

A

27

48
Q

Number of tanks in ROK army by 1950

A

0

49
Q

Number of aircraft in ROK army by 1950

A

22

50
Q

Date of first attack on ROK

A

25 June 1950

51
Q

Dates of Seoul changing control

A

29 June 1950: to DRK

29 September 1950: to ROK

4 January 1951: to DRK

14 March 1951: to ROK

52
Q

Date of UN Security Council authorising force to assist ROK, with US General MacArthur as leader of United Nations Command

A

27 June 1950

53
Q

Why did the USA intervene in Korea? (2 points)

A
  1. Containment policy
  2. Duty to defend sovereign states
54
Q

In the initial 1950 assault, how many divisions did NKPA have?

A

7 divisions with 3 in support

55
Q

In the initial 1950 assault, how many Soviet aircraft did NKPA have?

A

>200

56
Q

In the initial 1950 assault, how many troops did NKPA have?

A

135k

57
Q

In the initial 1950 assault, what percentage of NKPA troops were veterans from the Chinese civil war?

A

33%

58
Q

In the initial 1950 assault, how many troops did ROK army have?

A

95k

59
Q

In the initial 1950 assault, what percentage of ROK vehicles were out of action?

A

33%

60
Q

In the initial 1950 assault, what 3 types of equipment did ROK lack?

A
  1. Tanks
  2. Anti-tank weapons
  3. Spare parts
61
Q

Name of first US division in Korea, and date of arrival

A

24th Infantry Division; 1 July 1950

62
Q

Nature of 24th Infantry Division (compared to the rest of MacArthur’s forces)

A

Weakest of MacArthur’s forces

63
Q

NKPA advantage over UNC

A

Mobility

64
Q

Leader of 8th US Army

A

General Walker

65
Q

Date of UNC forces being pushed back to Pusan Perimeter

A

August 1950

66
Q

New UNC supplies in September 1950 (3 points)

A
  1. Better bazookas
  2. Pershing tanks
  3. Commonwealth Brigade
67
Q

Number of civilians killed by DRK forces from June to September 1950

A

26k

68
Q

Type of people executed by ROK forces

A

Suspected communists

69
Q

Name of date of first UNC counterstrike

A

Inchon landing; 15 September 1950

70
Q

General in charge of Inchon landing

A

Almond

71
Q

MacArthur’s 1950 promise about progress of war, and was it achieved?

A

UNC would reach Seoul in 3 months; achieved

72
Q

Date of UNC crossing 38th Parallel

A

1 October 1950

73
Q

Date of Chinese PM (Zhou Enlai) warning of Chinese intervention of USA entered DRK

A

2 October 1950

74
Q

What percentage of US public was in favour of UNC crossing 38th Parallel?

A

64%

75
Q

Name of MacArthur’s Head of Intelligence in Korea, who constantly underestimated the number and quality of Chinese troops across the border in Manchuria

A

Willoughby

76
Q

Around 1950 in the State Department, moderates such as Kennan were replaced by agressors such as…

A

Foster Dulles

77
Q

Leader of UNC in west and east of DRK

A

Walker; Almond

78
Q

Name and date of UNC repeat of Inchon landing, on east coast of DRK

A

Wonsan landing; October 1950

79
Q

Success of Wonsan landing

A

Failure

80
Q

Date when UNC reached narrowest point of the peninsula

A

October 1950

81
Q

Date and duration of first Chinese intervention

A

1 - 2 November 1950; 1 week

82
Q

Number of Chinese troops in first intervention

A

>150k

83
Q

Nature of PVA (People’s Volunteer Army), which meant that they weren’t limited to moving on roads

A

Light armed infantry

84
Q

How many Chinese troops formed the Dragon Attack against Walker, forcing him to begin the Great Retreat?

A

>200k

85
Q

How many Chinese troops formed the Dragon Attack against Almond, which his troops managed to fend off (although, due to Walker’s failure, he was forced to retreat anyway)?

A

120k - 150k

86
Q

After Walker’s death, who was his replacement?

A

Ridgeway

87
Q

Dates of the Great Retreat

A

October 1950 - February 1951

88
Q

Length of the Great Retreat, and endpoint

A

300 miles; south of Seoul

89
Q

In December 1950, what did MacArthur blame the failure of the invasion of DRK on?

A

European allies blocking the bombing of Manchurian bases

90
Q

What did MacArthur state on 15 March 1951, and why was this problematic?

A

All Korea was his goal; Truman had decided to stop at 38th Parallel

91
Q

Date that MacArthur was reprimanded for his reaction to Truman’s decision to seek a ceasefire

A

20 March 1951

92
Q

MacArthur sent a letter to the Republican leader in the House of Representatives, stating that there was “no substitute for victory”. On what date was it read out in Congress?

A

5 April 1951

93
Q

Date that MacArthur sacked

A

11 April 1951

94
Q

Date from which USA and Chinese commander Peng wanted Korean armistice

A

March 1951

95
Q

Event which convinced Mao to end the war

A

Failure of the Spring Offensive to retake Seoul

96
Q

What did USSR use the Korean armistice negotiations as?

A

Anti-US propaganda

97
Q

List the 2 main sticking points during the Korean armistice negotiations

A
  1. Boundaries
  2. Return of POWs
98
Q

Percentage of Koreans reported killed, wounded, or missing during the war

A

10%

99
Q

Number of homes destroyed during the war

A

60k

100
Q

Number of DRK industrial plants destroyed during war

A

8.7k

101
Q

Population decline in DRK during the war

A

9m - 7m

102
Q

Number of ROK troops killed and wounded during the war

A

415k; 429k

103
Q

By 1954, how much had Japan earned in defence sales to USA?

A

$3b

104
Q

Number of Chinese troops killed during the war

A

>150k

105
Q

What did the Korean War convince Peng of the need for?

A

A more technological army

106
Q

Number of US troops killed and wounded during the war

A

>30k; >100k

107
Q

US defence spending in 1948 compared to in 1953

A

4% GNP; 14% GNP

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