AS PE Movement Analysis Flashcards
What action takes place at the knee during the execution phase of kicking a football?
Extension (flexion to extension)
What terms describe movement of a body part (a) towards the midline of the body and (b) away from the midline of the body
(a) Adduction
(b) Abduction
A student is performing the downwards phase of a press up, what joint action is occurring at the shoulder?
Horizontal extension
horizontal abduction
What action takes place at the ankle during the take-off phase of the long jump?
Plantar flexion
What muscle group is responsible for extension at the knee when kicking a football?
Quadriceps (rectus femoris)
The pectoralis major and a……. d………. are responsible for horizontal flexion at the shoulder
Anterior deltoid
Which muscles are responsible for extension at the hip when driving jumping in a basketball set shot?
Gluteuals
Hamstrings
In preparation for jumping for a header in football, the hip and knee go through flexion and ankle goes through dorsi flexion. What type of contraction is occurring at these joints?
Eccentric muscle contraction (Lowing the body so the muscle lengthens)
When running, which muscle causes flexion at the hip for the recovery leg?
Quadriceps
Iliopsoas
What is another name for the agonist, the muscle which is responsible for producing a movement?
Prime mover
What muscle contraction occurs during the upwards phase of a press up?
Isotonic concentric
What are the three components of a lever?
Fulcrum (the joint), resistance (mass to be lifted), effort (muscle used to lift the resistance)
What rhyme can be used to remember the central component of each class of lever?
1, 2, 3 - F, R, E
1st - fulcrum, 2nd - resistance, 3 - effort
During the take off phase of the long jump, what type of lever system is in action at the ankle?
2nd class (resistance in the centre)
When a rugby player throws the ball in from the sideline, what lever system is in action at the elbow?
1st class lever (fulcrum in the centre)
For your AS exam what sporting actions must you be familiar with at the shoulder and elbow joints?
Push ups
Over arm throwing
Forehand racket shots
For your AS exam what sporting actions must you be familiar with at the elbow, hip and knee joints?
Running
Kicking
Squats
Jumping
If a performer holds their squat position for 5 seconds, what type of muscle contraction is taking place?
Isometric
The muscle is under tension but does not change in length
A tennis player brings their arm forwards to strike the ball with their racket. What joint action occurs at the shoulder as they bring their arm through to hit the ball?
Horizontal flexion
Horizontal adduction
What is the mechanical advantage of a second class lever?
A large weight / resistance can be lifted
What is the mechanical advantage of first and third class levers?
They can apply speed to an object
They have a large range of movement
When would a third class lever be used in the body?
All joint actions except;
Extension at the elbow
Plantar flexion at the ankle
When preparing to jump a player lowers their body weight in an eccentric contraction. Which muscles are responsible for flexion at the hip and knee?
Hip - gluteals and hamstrings
Knee - quadriceps
When lowering the body in a press up an eccentric muscle contraction occurs. Which muscles are responsible for flexion at the elbow and horizontal extension at the shoulder?
Elbow - triceps
Shoulder - anterior deltoid and pectoral is major
When running a performer will raise their recovery leg causing flexion at the hip and knee and dorsi flexion at the ankle. Which muscles are responsible for these actions?
Hip - rectus Femoris / quadriceps (hip flexors)
Knee - hamstrings
Ankle - tibial is anterior
When preparing to throw over arm the performer brings their arm back wards, what joint action at the shoulder is occurring?
Horizontal extension
What joint action operates at the shoulder when releasing a ball in an over arm throw?
Horizontal flexion
When throwing a performer will use horizontal extension, which muscles are responsible for this joint action?
Posterior deltoid and latissimus dorsi
Which joint action operates at the ankle in the upwards phase of a squat?
Plantar flexion
Which bones articulate at the shoulder joint?
Scapula
Humerus
Which bones articulate at the elbow joint?
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Which bones articulate at the hip joint?
Pelvis (acetabulum - socket)
Femur
Which bones articulate at the knee joint?
Femur
Tibia
Which bones articulate at the ankle joint?
Tibia
Fibula
Talus
What is the mechanical disadvantage of a 2nd class lever system?
Decreased range of movement at the joint
Decreased speed of movement
What is the mechanical disadvantage of 1st and 3rd class lever systems?
They cannot move very large weights / heavy resistance
When a performer lowers themselves down in the downwards phase of a jump, what joint action is occurring at the ankle joint?
Dorsi-Flexion
An angle less than 90 degrees at the ankle is Dorsi-Flexion.
An angle 90 degrees or greater is Plantar-Flexion
