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PE Physiology > AS PE Cardiac Function > Flashcards

AS PE Cardiac Function Flashcards

0
Q

The blood in the left ventricle leaves the heart via this major artery

A

The aorta

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1
Q

Name the structure of the heart that divides it into left and right sides

A

Septum

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the valves in the heart?

A

To ensure the blood only flows in one direction, preventing the back flow of blood

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3
Q

Which blood vessels carry oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the heart?

A

Pulmonary veins

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4
Q

The main vein which returns oxygen poor blood to the heart from the body are the (S & I) v….. c…..

A

(Superior and inferior) Vena cava

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5
Q

The blood vessels which supply the heart muscle itself with blood are known as what?

A

Coronary arteries

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6
Q

The pulmonary artery carries oxygen poor blood to the lungs. True or false?

A

True

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7
Q

What term is used to describe the ability of the heart to generate its own impulses?

A

Myogenic

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8
Q

The pacemaker of the heart is known as the AV node. True or false?

A

False. It is the SA node (sino-atrial node). The AV node sends the impulse down the bundle of His and through the purkinje fibres, causing the ventricles to contract

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9
Q

What stage of the cardiac cycle takes place when the atria fill with blood?

A

Atrial diastole

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10
Q

What is the term used to describe the percentage of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each beat?

A

The ejection fraction

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11
Q

Give two receptors which stimulate the cardiac control centre

A

Chemoreceptors
Proprioceptors
Barorectors
Thermoreceptors

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12
Q

Which control centre is responsible for controlling heart rate during exercise?

A

Cardiac control centre

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13
Q

Name the main parasympathetic nerve which will be used to slow heart rate following exercise.

A

Vagus nerve

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14
Q

Prior to exercise, there is a slight elevation in heart rate. What is this called?

A

Anticipatory rise

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15
Q

Prior to exercise commencing, there is an anticipatory rise in heart rate. Why does this happen?

A

To prepare the body for imminent exercise. Adrenaline is released from the adrenal glands and act on the SA node of the heart, increasing heart rate.

16
Q

What is the term given to describe an enlarged, stronger heart in response to training?

A

Cardiac hypertrophy

17
Q

What is Starlings law of the heart?

A

The greater the venous return, the greater the strength of contraction.
As the chambers stretch more (due to more blood filling them) they contract with greater force.

18
Q

What is bradycardia?

A

A term used to describe a resting heart rate of 60bpm or less

19
Q

How do you calculate the maximum heart rate of a performer?

A

MHR = 220-age

20
Q

Cardiac output is dependent on two variables. What are they and what is their relationship?

A

Stroke volume and heart rate
Q = SV x HR
(mls/min or L/min)

21
Q

When the heart’s ventricles are filling with blood, it is called ventricular systole. True or false?

A

False. It is ventricular diastole. Systole is where the chambers of the heart contract, forcing blood through the valves of the heart and out of that particular chamber.

22
Q

What is the role of the purkinje fibres?

A

To spread the impulse sent from the AV node along the ventricle walls, causing the ventricles to contract.

23
Q

When blood is ejected from the right ventricle, which type of circulation does it pass through?

A

Pulmonary circulation

Heart - lungs - heart

24
Q

What is stroke volume and how does it change during exercise?

A

It is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per beat and during exercise it increases.

25
Q

How does having a stronger bigger heart benefit the athlete?

A

Stroke volume and ejection fraction increases (more blood ejected per beat).
The heart has a decreased demand for oxygen, meaning the oxygen can go instead supply the working skeletal muscles.
Greater maximal cardiac output.

26
Q

When does the cardiovascular drift occur?

A

After 10 minutes of continuous exercise at sub maximal pace.

27
Q

What causes the cardiovascular drift?

A

A reduction of fluid in the blood due to sweating, this increases the viscosity of the blood and decreases venous return.

28
Q

What is the cardiovascular drift?

A

An increase in heart rate and decrease in stroke volume, due to reduced venous return.

29
Q

How does the body respond to the effects of exercise and increase heart rate?

A

Chemoreceptors detect an increase of CO2 in the blood.
An impulse is sent the the cardiac control centre in the medulla.
An impulse is sent through the sympathetic nerve to the SA node.
The SA node fires more rapidly to increase heart rate.

30
Q

The medulla controls heart rate at rest, true or false?

A

False. The SA node controls the heart rate at rest.

PE Physiology (4 decks)

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