AS level mechanisms

Question 1

Alcohols to Carboxylic acid

Answer 1

-Oxidation (primary)
-aqueous potassium dichromate
-dilute sulfuric acid
-reflux

Question 2

Alkanes to Alkenes

Answer 2

-Elimination
-Nickel catalyst at 150c

Question 3

Halogenoalkanes to alcohols

Answer 3

-Nucleophilic substitution
-Dilute aqueous Sodium hydroxide
-heat under reflux

Question 4

Alkenes to polymers

Answer 4

-Polymerisation
-250c
-2000 atm
-peroxide initiator

Question 5

Alkenes to Alcohols

Answer 5

-Electrophilic addition
-300c
-70 atm
-Phosphoric acid catalyst

Question 6

Alcohols to alkenes

Answer 6

-Dehydration
-Mix with c. sulfuric acid
-170c

Question 7

Alcohols to Aldehydes

Answer 7

-Oxidation (primary alcohol)
-aqueous Potassium Dichromate (VI)
-Dilute sulfuric acid
-distill off aldehyde

Question 8

Alkanes to halogenoalkanes

Answer 8

-Photochlorination
-UV light

Question 9

Alcohols to ketones

Answer 9

-Oxidation (secondary)
-aqueous Potassium Dichromate (VI)
-Dilute sulfuric acid
-heated and reflux

Question 10

Alkenes to alkanes

Answer 10

-Hydrogenation
-Nickel catalyst
-150c

Question 11

Halogenoalkanes to alkene

Answer 11

-Elimination
-c NaOH
-Hot Ethanol
-Reflux

Question 12

Alkenes to Halogenoalkanes

Answer 12

Electrophilic addition

Question 13

Carboxylic acid to esters

Answer 13

-Esterification
-Heat in presence of c sulfuric acid catalyst