1.4 Flashcards
What is a covalent bond?
electrostatic attraction between a pair of shared electrons and the nuclei of bonded atoms
What is valency?
The amount of electrons shared
What is coordinate/dative bonding?
When both of the shared electrons come from the same atom
What is ionic bonding?
The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
What is a positive ion called?
A cation
What is a negative ion called?
An anion
What is metallic bonding?
electrostatic forces between positive ions and delocalised electrons
What are the properties of metal?
-Good electrical and thermal conductor
-Malleable
-Ductile
What is electronegativity?
The ability of an atom (in a covalent bond) to attract the electron pair to itself
What is the most electronegative atom?
Fluorine
What is a dipole?
Two equal but opposite charges separated by a distance
What electronegativity is ionic?
> 2.1
What is bond polarity?
The extent to which the bonding pair is drawn towards the more electronegative atom
What does it mean if a molecule is symmetric?
It’s non polar
What are the two types of intermolecular forces?
-Permanent dipole-Permanent dipole (VDW)
-Hydrogen bonds
-Induced dipole-induced dipole
How strong are the intermolecular forces comparatively?
Covalent>Hydrogen>Permanent>temporary
How are a molecule’s properties influenced?
-Intramolecular=chemical
-Intermolecular=physical
Explain the solubility of covalent compounds
Many compounds are insoluble in water except if there is a dipole which can interact with polar water molecules
Explain the solubility of ionic compounds
Each cation attracts Hydrogen
Each anion attracts oxygen
What is the valence shell?
The outer shell of electrons
What is the order of repulsion?
LP-LP>LP-BP>BP-BP
What is the shape of a compound with two bonding pairs?
Shape-Linear
Bond angle-180
What is the shape o a compound with three bonding pairs?
Shape-Triganal planar
Bond angle- 120
What is the shape of a compound with four bonding pairs?
Shape-Tetrahedral
Bond angle-109.5
