ARTS - The Birth of Art Flashcards
It began with the appearance of humans and ended with the discovery of writing.
Prehistoric period
It is a hunter-gatherer culture that is divided into three parts.
Paleolithic Period
What is the other term for the Paleolithic Period?
Stone Age
What are the three parts of the Paleolithic Period?
(1) Lower Paleolithic [2 500 000 to 2 000 000 BCE]
(2) Middle Paleolithic [200 000 to 40 000 BCE]
(3) Upper Paleolithic [40 000 to 10 000]
This is the transitional phase which ended with the spread of agriculture.
Mesolithic Period
This was the time when permanent settlements were established.
Neolithic Period
TRUE OR FALSE
The Mesolithic Period came to an end when stone tools were gradually replaced by bronze and iron products.
FALSE; Paleolithic Period
What are the four basic types of Paleolithic Art?
(1) Petroglyphs, which include cave paintings and drawings
(2) Prehistoric Sculpture
(3) Pictographs
(4) Megalithic Art
This refers to the artworks applied to an immovable rock surface.
Parietal Art
This refers to portable artworks.
Mobiliary Art
The term petroglyph came from the Greek words petra, which means _______, and glyphein which means __________.
(1) Stone (2) To carve
This refers to any image created on rock surfaces by means of carving, rubbing, scratching, cutting, engraving, fashioning, or other similar methods.
Petroglyphs
TRUE OR FALSE
Petroglyphs have been found in many parts of the world, especially in South Africa.
TRUE
It is a nonfunctional rock markings resembling the shape of a cup.
Cupules
Rock engravings might be associated with ___________ and __________.
(1) Rainmaking (2) Healing
These were considered the oldest known artworks in the Philippines.
Petroglyphs in Angono, Rizal (1965)
How many figures were included in the 5000-year-old rock carvings?
More than 120 figures
TRUE OR FALSE
The pictographs have been declared a National Cultural Treasure, listed in the World Inventory of Rock Art, and also included in the 100 Most Endangered Sites of the World in 1996.
FALSE; Petroglyphs
These are cupules engraved on a nonfoliated metamorphic rock (quartzite) at Auditorium Cave in India and are considered the world’s oldest cave art.
Bhimbetka Petroglyphs
These are rock carvings at Indergarh hill in India.
Daraki-Chattan Petroglyphs
These are abstract engravings on ocher rock in South Africa.
Blombos Cave Engravings
These are cupules on a Neanderthal tomb at Les Eyzies in France.
Ferrassie Cave Cupules
These refer to Neanderthal stone etchings on a common rock-forming mineral in a cave in the Rock of Gibraltar.
Gorham’s Cave Engravings
It is an image or a symbol created to express an idea or a piece of information.
Pictograph
What is the one type of pictograph wherein an image is created by applying color pigments on a cave wall, ceiling, or floor.
Cave Painting
TRUE OR FALSE
Some cave paintings have only one color (often black).
TRUE
What is the figure that is mostly painted by the Prehistoric people?
Animals
These were painted as often as reindeer, bison, and other game animals.
Predatory Animals
These were also common figures of prehistoric people.
Symbolic patterns and geometric forms
These were strangely uncommon
Images or representations of humans
These were less naturalistic and more stylized than animal figures.
Human Figures
These were less common in the prehistoric society.
Sculpture
TRUE OR FALSE
Because prehistoric society was mobile (nomadic), a sculpture was more prone to loss or damage.
TRUE
It is the oldest known sculpture from the Paleolithic Period.
The Venus of Berekhat Ram (700 000 - 230 000 BCE)
It is the most popular Venus figurine discovered in 1908 and it is a statuette of a female figure in Austria.
The Venus of Willendorf (c. 28 000 - 25 000 BCE)
TRUE OR FALSE
The face is visible in the Venus of Willendorf, prompting some art historians and archaeologists to view Venus of Willendorf as the Mother Goddess.
FALSE; The face is not visible
What are the materials used by most of the Paleolithic sculptors in their carvings?
Ivory, bone, and wood
It is a parietal art that involves the use of large stones as medium.
Megalithic Art
This refers to art that flourished in Egypt from 3,000 BC to 30 AD.
Ancient Egyptian Art
These are considered the most important contributions of the ancient Egyptians.
Pyramids
The design, size, and engineering of these great structures depict something significant about the _______ and _______ of ancient Egypt.
(1) culture (2) society
It is the largest pyramid that was constructed by King Cheops.
The Great Pyramid of Giza
It is a step pyramid that was built for King Huni, which is considered a transition from the step pyramid to the smooth-sided pyramid.
The Pyramid of Zoser
These functioned to glorify the gods (including the pharaohs) and to facilitate the passage of humans into the afterlife.
Ancient Egyptian Art
What are the five characteristics of Ancient Egyptian Art?
(1) Modes of representation
(2) Hierarchy of scale
(3) Use of color
(4) Registers
(5) Text and image
This states that statues showed an idealized depiction of gods, royalty, and government officials.
Modes of representation
These statues were more expressive and had a more natural appearance.
Metal and wood statues
This states that the larger the figure, the more important he or she was.
Hierarchy of scale
This color symbolizes power, life, anger, and victory.
Red
This color symbolizes rebirth and creation.
Blue
This color symbolizes fertility, new life, and growth.
Green
This color symbolizes purity and everything sacred.
White
This color symbolizes death and the underworld.
Black
This color symbolizes the color of Ra and the pharaohs, and it also signifies the eternal and represents the qualities of gold and sun.
Yellow
These are parallel lines that separate scenes and give ground lines for the figure.
Registers
These are the characters of the writing system in ancient Egypt that were considered works of art.
Hieroglyphs
