Artifacts in the Philippines

Question 1

• 1960s in Mangunggul Cave, Palawan
• Dated: 1890-700 BC
• Most significant object
• Secondary burial to store bones

Answer 1

Manunggul Jar

Question 2

• 1986, Lumbang River
• Dated: 900 CE
• Oldest document in the country
• Written in Kavi (Old Javanese)
• Language used; Old Tagalog, Old Javanese, Old Malay, and Sanskrit
• Payment of sebt

Answer 2

Laguna Copperplate Inscription

Question 3

• 1960s in San Antonio, Iloilo
• Dated: 14-15th Century
• Gold nose disc and eye mask
• Ancient burial practice

Answer 3

Oton Death Mask

Question 4

• Bolinao, Pangasinan
• Dated: Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644
• Gold decorations on teeth
• Excavated with ceramics

Answer 4

Bolinao Skull

Question 5

• 1917, Wawa Riven in Agusan, Mindanao
• Dated: 9-10th Century
• Most spectacular find

Origin:
* Javanese (Beyer)
* Pre-Colonial Filipino (Bosch)
* From Hindu-Malayan culture

Answer 5

Golden Tara of Agusan

Question 6

• 2011, Mt. Kamhantik in Quezon Province
• Dated: 10th-14th Century
• Area where 1,000 year old village once stood
• Proof that PH used advanced burial ritual
• Similar to Egypt’s ancient sarcophagus

Answer 6

Limestone Tombs of Mt. Kamhantik

Question 7

• 2007 in Penablanca, Cagayan
• Dated: 67,000 years old
• Earliest human fossil in Asia-Pacific
• ID → PH using rafts
• Specie related to human

Answer 7

Calao Man Foot Bone

Question 8

• 1965 in Leta-Leta Cave, Palawan
• Dr. Robert Fox
• Dated: Late Neolithic Period (1000 - 1500 BC)
• Found in a burial site
• Ritual purposes in burials
• Earliest pot recovered in the country

Answer 8

Yawning Jarlet

Question 9

• 1997 in Lena Shoal, Palawan
• Dated: Middle Ming Dynasty (1500)
• Blue and white dish with flying elephant
• Porcelain dish from Chinese trading vessel

Answer 9

The Flying Elephant

Question 10

• 1991 in Ayub Cave, Saranggani
• Dated: Metal Age (5 BC - 225 AD)
• Preservation of remains
• Jar with human-like features
• Navel, arms, ears, nipples, & lips

Answer 10

Maitum Anthropomorphic Burial Jar

Question 11

• 2012, Butuan City
• Dated: 800 years old
• Boat where trading goods and storing supplies happened

Answer 11

Butuan “Mother Boat”
Balanghay

Question 12

• 1992 in Nasugbu, Batangas
• Dated: 400 years old
• From San Diego Galleon (Dec. 14, 1600)
• Device used for timekeeping
• Position of stars
• 1 of 2 existing astrolabes

Answer 12

San Diego’s Astrolabe

Question 13

• 1960s in Guyangan Cave in Banton, Romblon
• Dated: 13th - 14th century
• Wrap around a corpse
• Also known as “ikat”
• Oldest existing cloth in the country

Answer 13

Death Blanket

Question 14

• 1994, Batanes
• Dated: Pre-Spanish Era (12th century)
• Used for habitation and fortification
• Known as Ijang or Idjang
• Settlement for Ivatan people on hill tops
• Throw stones at enemies from bottom

Answer 14

Batanes Castle

Question 15

• 1958 in Calatagan, Batangas
• Dated: 14-16th Century
• Oldest cultural artifact with pre-Hispanic writing
• Several attempts in deciphering

Answer 15

Calatagan Ritual Pot

Question 16

• 1965 in Angono, Rizal
• Carlos V. Francisco
• Dated: Neolithic Age (2500 BC)
• Makeshift rock shelter used in the past
• Oldest known work of art in the PH
• Symbolic representations associated with healing and sympathetic magic

Answer 16

Angono Petroglyphs

Question 17

• 2014, Kalinga Province
• Dated: 700,000 years old
• Used for hunting and butchering animal
• Oldest site for human occupation in PH
• Homo Erectus or Homo Floresiensis

Answer 17

Rhino Hunting Tools

Question 18

• Throughout the Philippines
• Mandaluyong, Bataan, Pasig River, Batangas, Marinduque, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao
• Dated: Pre-Spanish Period (9th-12th century)
• Used as currency
• Earliest coinage of Ancient Filipinos

Answer 18

Piloncitos

Question 19

• 1970s in Butuan, Agusan del Norte
• Dated: 1002 AD (9th - 12th century)
• Stamp documents or goods during trading
• Word Butban is inscribed in Kawi
• Butban → Butuan

Answer 19

Butuan Ivory Seal

Question 20

• Early 20th century by Westerners
• Known by the local community for decades
• Many were stolen by the Whites
• Mountain of Kabayan, Benguet
• Dated: 1200 - 1500 CE (Ibaloi)
• Mummification of the dead through a long ritual process

Answer 20

Kabayan Mummy Caves

Question 21

• 2000s, Batanes
• Dated: 500 BC (Neolithic - Iron Age)
• Penannular or double-headed pendant or amulet

Answer 21

Ling-Ling-O

Question 22

• 2011 in Monreal, Masbate
• Dated: 17th Century
• Discovered by kids in a school
• Limestone tablets with Baybayin characters

Answer 22

Monreal Stone