articulatory system Flashcards
acoustically, the source in the source/filter theory is
the fundamental frequency and it’s harmonics
the vocal tract acts as a resonator based on
wavelengths
source
VF
the Fo and all of it’s harmonics
filter
upper vocal tract
the formants/resonating frequencies
transfer function
how the source is modified as it travels through the vocal tract
resonating freqeuncies are…
determined by the length of the vocal tract
completely independent of Fo
children = 8cm
female = 14cm
male = 17cm
quarter wavelength resonating theory
wavelengths that are 1/4, 3/4, and 5/4 the length of the vocal tract will make it through, others will get knocked out
frequency of F1
space behind the constriction
bigger space = lower frequency
front vowels have low F1
back vowels have high F2
frequency of F2
space in front the constriction
front vowels will have high F2
back vowels will have low F2
vowel normalization
no matter the length of the vocal tract, all vowels will have the same relationship between F1 and F2
spectral envelope
shows acoustic output
only change shape if tongue position changes
increased frequency means decreased spectral density
3 steps in production of plosives
create occlusion, build up of pressure, release of occlusion
plosives on spectrogram will have…
gap where pressure was building, transient noise burst, transitions to and from plosive
voice onset time
time between release of occlusion and onset of voicing for the next sound
long-lag
greater than 30 msec
will always be a voiceless stop in English
