Articles week 2

Question 1

What are the three paradigms that Valkenburg & Oliver (2019) find?

Answer 1

1) Selectivity paradigm
2) Transactionality paradigm
3) conditionality paradigm

Question 2

What is the selectivity paradigm according to Valkenburg & Oliver (2019)?

Answer 2

Is about that individuals predominantly select media messages that serve their needs, goals, and beliefs.

Question 3

What is the transactionality paradigm according to Valkenburg & Oliver (2019)?

Answer 3

Is about that (1) that certain dispositions of media users (needs, goals, and beliefs) can cause selective media use (2) which can, in turn cause certain outcomes (media effect) (3) which can, then, further cause selective media use. -> For example, adolescents aggressiveness may stimulate their use of violent media, which, in turn, may increase their aggressiveness which may then further stimulate their violent media use.

Question 4

What is the conditionality paradigm according to Valkenburg & Oliver (2019)?

Answer 4

Is about that media effects do not equally hold for all media users, and that media effects can be dependent on personal traits, circumstances, and social environment factors.