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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

how many sources were used

A

190

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2
Q

title

A

the gut microbiota-brain axis in behavior and brain disorders

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3
Q

authors

A
  • Livia H. Morais
  • Henry L. Schreiber
  • Sarkis K. Mazmanian
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4
Q

who published it

A

“Reviews”
- Nature Reviews

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5
Q

what does GF mean

A

germ-free

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6
Q

3 ways microbiota can influence development/function of nervous system

A
  1. modulation of immune response
  2. impacts on metabolism
  3. direct effects on neuron signaling
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7
Q

allostasis

A

process used by body to respond to psychological stress and restore homeostasis

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8
Q

why have neurogenerative therapies been difficult to find

A
  • limitations of animal models
  • lack of understanding of disease pathology
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9
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

autoimmune demyelinating disease characterized by degeneration of neuronal signaling throughout an individual’s lifetime

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10
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

inability to control voluntary movements

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11
Q

what was transplanted into people with ASD to improve gastrointestinal inflammation and symptoms?

A

faecal microbiota

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12
Q

humanized animals

A

human gut bacteria transplanted into animals

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13
Q

microglia

A

innate immune cells of brain

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14
Q

what does the vagus nerve link

A

gut and brain

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15
Q

second brain of body

A

ENS (enteric) division of autonomic nervous system

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16
Q

what type of microbiota does this paper talk about?

A

bacteria

17
Q

astrocytes

A

subtype of glial cells in CNS
- BBB formation
- interfacing w/ microglia and neruons

18
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

brain cells that regulate development of neurons and insulate asonx

19
Q

neuroplasticity

A

ability of nervous system to change activity by reorganizing structure and function

20
Q

brain-derived neurotrophic factor

A

protein that has important role in neuronal survival, growth, and synaptic plasticity

21
Q

y-Aminobutyric acid

A

main inhibitory neurotransmitter in adult brain

22
Q

gut-microbiota-brain axis

A

network of connections involving multiple biological systems that allows bidirectional communication between gut bacteria and the brain

23
Q

validity in experiment

A

internal, external, construct, face

24
Q

what does EEC stand for

A

enteroendocrine cells

25
Q

does gut microbiota make the BBB more or less permeable

A

less permeable

26
Q

HPA axis

A

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal

Biology Lab (6 decks)

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