artic measurement 2 Flashcards
T or F: for facial tracking w/ markers, slow frame rates are permissible.
false – need at least 60fps
how does facial tracking w/ markers for artic measurement work? (3)
- glow in the dark papers on face
- UV black light or infrared tracking
- cannot track tongue
is facial tracking w/ markers more accurate than EMA?
no
how does computer vision technology enable markerless facial tracking? (3)
- extracts regions of interest (ROI)
- converts ROI into quantifiable facial action coding system
- extracts data from videos
describe direct palatography (3)
- coats surface of palate
- points of contact w/ tongue can be visualized after person speaks
- take picture of palate
describe indirect palatography (2)
- pseudopalate (messy and slow process)
- can remove pseudopalate after person speaks
what is a linguogram? (2)
- like a palatogram but taking picture of tongue instead
- observing which parts of tongue contacted palate
what is electropalatography (EPG)? (2)
- pseudopalate + electrodes
- tracks alveolar and palatal movements (says velar too but cannot actually place on velum)
T or F: different EPG contacts may be found in someone with typical speech vs someone with a speech sound disorder
true
what is an EPG contact profile? provide an example
- plots timelines of contact
- example: person w/ cleft palate may show more backing (velar contact) vs someone w/ typical speech (alveolar contact)
explain contact distribution indices. what does a high vs low COG mean? define anteriority/posteriority/centrality contact indices.
- high COG = anterior tongue-palate contact
- low COG = posterior tongue-palate contact
- anteriority/posteriority/centrality contact indices: degree and concentration of activated electrodes
how can EPG assess co-articulation? (2)
- compare electrode activation across contexts
- example: more electrodes activated for /t/ in “iti” than “ata”
sometimes when a child attempts to produce an alveolar /d/, the listener perceives it as
/g/ (backing). how can EPG be used to determine if this is a phonological or artic process? (2)
- if phonological: only back electrodes would be activated (tongue has not differentiated).
- if artic: back electrodes activated first, front second. front electrodes released first, back second (you hear what is released last).
define covert contrast / covert articulation. what does it indicate?
- contrast b/w phonemes is maintained, just not in listener perception.
- indicates client knows linguistic rules.
briefly explain how ultrasound works (2)
- sound is reflected at interface b/w two structures
- structures have different transmission properties (example: density)
