artic 2

Question 1

parts of tongue? (6)

Answer 1

• tip
• blade
• front
• centre
• back
• root

Question 2

what are the extrinsic tongue muscles? (3) what kind of movement do they control?

Answer 2

• styloglossus: elevates + backs
• hyoglossus: depresses
• genioglossus: elevates + fronts
• extrinsic = gross shape of tongue

Question 3

which cranial nerve are all tongue muscles (except palatoglossus) innervated by?

Answer 3

hypoglossal (12)

Question 4

which cranial nerve is responsible for…
a) lip retraction
b) lip protrusion
c) jaw lowering

Answer 4

a) facial (7)
b) facial (7)
c) trigeminal (5)

Question 5

what are the 4 intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 5

1. superior longitudinal: moves tongue up
2. inferior longitudinal: moves tongue down
3. vertical: makes tongue flatter when contracted
4. transverse: makes tongue narrow when contracted

Question 6

what kind of movement do intrinsic muscles control?

Answer 6

fine-tuning shape of tongue surface

Question 7

which cranial nerve innervates the palatoglossus?

Answer 7

vagus nerve (10)

Question 8

which cranial nerve innervates the sensation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 8

trigeminal nerve (5) – mandibular branch

Question 9

which cranial nerve innervates the sensation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 9

glossopharyngeal nerve (9)

Question 10

is the tongue map of diff places sensing diff tastes (sweet, salty etc) accurate?

Answer 10

• no
• actually measuring sensitivity (ie back is most sensitive to bitter, but other parts still process bitter)

Question 11

which muscles lift soft palate? (2)

Answer 11

• tensor veli palatini (technically just tenses + opens ET)
• levator veli palatini (raises + stretches backwards)

Question 12

which muscles depress the soft palate? (2)

Answer 12

• palatoglossus (used in initial swallowing)
• palatopharyngeus (airway protection during swallowing)

Question 13

what does the musculus uvulae do?

Answer 13

shortens + lifts soft palate/uvula

Question 14

T or F: adenoids may lead to hypernasality

Answer 14

false – hyponasality bc might block nasopharynx

Question 15

what are symptoms of adenoid faces (hypertrophic adenoids)? (5)

Answer 15

• high palate arch
• widened nose bridge
• short upper lip
• labioversion of upper incisors
• elongated face

Question 16

innervation of most facial muscles? masseter?

Answer 16

• most: facial nerve (7)
• masseter: trigeminal nerve (5)

Question 17

5 branches of facial nerve?

Answer 17

1. temporal
2. zygomatic
3. buccal
4. mandibular
5. cervical

Question 18

what is Facial Action Coding System (FACS)?

Answer 18

system which writes out which group of facial muscles control a facial action

Question 19

where do facial muscles join?

Answer 19

modiolus (corner of lips)

Question 20

which facial muscle is responsible for lip rounding/closure?

Answer 20

orbicularis oris (p, b, m, u)

Question 21

which facial muscles are responsible for lip protrusion? (2)

Answer 21

• mentalis (high round vowels like /u/)
• orbicularis oris

Question 22

which facial muscles are responsible for raising the upper lip? (2)

Answer 22

• levator labii
• zygomaticus minor (f, v)

Question 23

which facial muscles are responsible for spreading the lips/retracting angles of mouth? (3)

Answer 23

• buccinator (back + laterally, /f, v/)
• zygomaticus major (upwards + laterally, /f, v/)
• risorius (laterally, /i, e/)

Question 24

what muscles and movements would be affected if someone suffers from a lesion to the mandibular branch of the facial nerve?

Answer 24

• muscles: platysma, depressor labii inferior, depressor anguli oris, mentalis (muscles of lower lip and chin)
• movements: lower lip protrusion, lower lip depresison/elevation, lower lip rounding

Question 25

which muscles are involved in mastication? (4)

Answer 25

• masseter
• temporalis
• lateral pterygoid
• medial pterygoid