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slp1522: speech physiology and acoustics > artic 1 > Flashcards

artic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

comparing adults vs children: tongue

A
  • adults: tongue occupies less space in mouth
  • children: tongue occupies more space in mouth (occupies front cavity = less speech range)
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2
Q

comparing adults vs children: soft palate and epiglottis positioning

A
  • adults: soft palate and epiglottis are separate
  • children: soft palate and epiglottis are interlocked
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3
Q

comparing adults vs children: slope of oro-pharyngeal channel

A
  • adults: more vertical due to descending larynx
  • children: less vertical (smaller back cavity)
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4
Q

how does larynx descent impact speech?

A

develops greater sound range + develops corner vowels

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5
Q

what are the 3 levels of the pharynx?

A
  1. nasopharynx
  2. oropharynx
  3. laryngopharynx
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6
Q

what encompasses the buccal cavity? (3)

A
  • lips
  • cheeks
  • gingiva/teeth
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7
Q

what encompasses the oral cavity? (3)

A
  • teeth/alveolar processes
  • palatoglossal arch
  • muscular floor (tongue)
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8
Q

where is the pharyngeal cavity?

A

musculomembranous tube from base of skill to 6th cervical vertebrae

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9
Q

what are nasal cavities divided by?

A

the nasal septum

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10
Q

function of nasal concha?

A

warm and humidify air

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11
Q

how does the nose cleanse incoming air?

A

cilia propels mucous at 1cm/min toward pharynx where it can be swallowed and disposed of by stomach

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12
Q

the buccal orifice connects ___ and ___

A

outside world and oral cavity

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13
Q

the oro-pharyngeal isthmus connects ___ and ___

A

oral cavity and pharyngeal cavity

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14
Q

what is ptyalin?

A

enzyme contained in saliva, breaks food down

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15
Q

how does the jaw support speech in early development and disorders like ALS?

A
  • typical: using various points of tongue to produce speech sounds
  • early dev/disorders: tongue rests on mandible and mandible does the moving
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16
Q

what are symptoms of mandibular hypoplasia / pierre robin sequence? (5)

A
  • micrognathia
  • pseudomacroglossia
  • glossoptosis (tongue displaced)
  • high-arched/cleft palate
  • dental anomalies
17
Q

what are symptoms of mandibulofacial dysostosis / treacher collins / FZK syndrome? (5)

A
  • micrognathia
  • palpebral fissures (sloping eyes)
  • colobomas (lack of ocular tissue)
  • blind fissures (openings bw mouth corners and ears)
  • deformed pinnas
18
Q

what is 22q11 deletion syndrome known to cause? (2)

A

apraxia and autism

19
Q

how many degrees of freedom does the jaw have? what are they?

A
  1. up/down
  2. left/right
  3. arcs
  4. pitch
  5. roll
  6. yaw
20
Q

which 3 muscles close the mandible?

A
  1. temporalis
  2. masseter
  3. medial pterygoid
21
Q

which nerve supplies the jaw?

A

mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V)

22
Q

protraction of the jaw or pushing the jaw forward is achieved mostly by the action of the _______.

A

lateral pterygoid

23
Q

side-to-side or lateral motion of the jaw is produced by the action the ___ and _____ muscles and to some degree via the action of the ____ muscle.

A
  • lateral and medial pterygoid
  • temporalis
24
Q

which 5 muscles open the jaw?

A
  1. lateral pterygoid
  2. digastric (anterior)
  3. mylohyoid
  4. geniohyoid
  5. genioglossus
25
Q

which 2 muscles have a role in jaw protrusion?

A

lateral and medial pterygoid

26
Q

which 5 muscles have a role in jaw retraction?

A
  1. temporalis
  2. mylohyoid
  3. geniohyoid
  4. digastric
  5. geniohyoid
27
Q

which 2 muscles have a role in lateral jaw movements?

A
  1. lateral pterygoid
  2. temporalis
28
Q

what is normal occlusal contact?

A

lower teeth resting under upper teeth

29
Q

what is lateral bracing?

A

lateral tongue touching gums or molars for stability

30
Q

what kind of tactile feedback is available during correct /r/ articulation?

A

lateral bracing

31
Q

is lateral bracing obligatory?

A

no

32
Q

what kind of turbulence is created by the teeth?

A

wall/wake turbulence

33
Q

a client wants to work on their /r/ and /s/ sounds. they don’t have front teeth at the moment. which sound will you work on first?

A

/r/

34
Q

a client wants to work on their /r/ and /s/ sounds. they don’t have back teeth at the moment. which sound will you work on first?

A

/s/

35
Q

what happens during the “front gap period”?

A

mislearning

36
Q

61% of the children in the Speech Sound Disorder (SSD) group had a malocclusion, as compared to 29% in the Typically speech development (TD) group. what kind of malocclusions were found in the SSD group?

A

class iii malocclusion and anterior open bite

37
Q

T or F: pacifier use in children less than 3 years of age leads to an increase in atypical speech errors

A

false – day time pacifier use*

38
Q

what are examples of atypical errors? (3)

A
  1. backing
  2. initial consonant deletion
  3. intrusive consonants
39
Q

why might pacifier overuse affect abstract word processing?

A

because it likely prevents phono-articulatory simulations at the time of language acquisition – a word = sensory-motor experience

slp1522: speech physiology and acoustics (23 decks)

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