Arthrology of the Hip

Question 1

what is the fovea capitis

Answer 1

a small indentation on the head of femur - where the ligamentum teres attaches

Question 2

where is the intertrochanteric line?

Answer 2

on the anterior surface between the greater and lesser trochanter

Question 3

where is the trochanteric fossa?

Answer 3

posterior veiw of the femur - just below the greater trochanter

Question 4

where is the intertrochanteric crest?

Answer 4

posterior veiw of the femur - between the greater and lesser trochanter

Question 5

what is the gluteal tuberosity?

Answer 5

a prominence on the lateral posterior femur - allowing for the attachment of the gluteal muscles

Question 6

what is the pectineal line?

Answer 6

runs from the lesser torchanter distally on the shaft of the femur

Question 7

what is the linea aspera?

Answer 7

prominant line on the posterior shaft of the femur

Question 8

how is the ilium divided?

Answer 8

into inferior, anterior and posterior gluteal lines - from front to back.

Question 9

describe the bones of the hip joint?

Answer 9

Acetabulum - made up of the ilium, ischium and pubis - a hemispherical socket, deficient inferiorly.
Head of femur - an anteposteriorly compressed sphere

Question 10

what type of cartilidge is found in a synovial joint?

Answer 10

articular hyaline cartilidge

Question 11

when is fibrocartilidge found in a synovial joint?

Answer 11

in bones which have undergone intramembranous ossification (e.g. skull, mandilbe and clavicles)

Question 12

what is the role of cartilidge?

Answer 12

provides a low friction, wear resistant surface w/ compressibility and elasticity - to accomodate the compressive and shearing forces found in weight bearing and muscle action

Question 13

what are the three sources of nutrition for cartilidge?

Answer 13

underlying cancellous bone, synovial membrane and the synovial fluid

Question 14

what are the two types of cartilige found in the hip joint?

Answer 14

articular hyaline cartilidge - over the head of the femur and the acetabular fossa.
Fibrocartilige forming the labrum

Question 15

what happens to the cartilidge in OA?

Answer 15

cartilige becomes studded with irregular projections.

Question 16

where does the hip capsule attach?

Answer 16

edge of acetabulum, intertrochanteric line and femoral neck

Question 17

Is the hip capsule complete?

Answer 17

No - psoas bursa prevents this

Question 18

where is the hip capsule thickest and why?

Answer 18

anterosuperiorly - where the majority of strain is during weight baring.

Question 19

what are the 4 directions that the fibres of the hip capsule run? and what is their role?

Answer 19

longditudinal - reinforce ligaments
circumferntial - deep fibres blend with the iliofemoral ligament
oblique fibres - resist torsion
arcuate fibres - cup the femoral head

Question 20

what are the two main functions of synovial fluid?

Answer 20

nutrition for the articular surfaces,

lubrication to increase joint efficiency.

Question 21

how is excess synovial fluid resolved?

Answer 21

resorption of fluid into the membrane - sped up by ice and external pressure

Question 22

what are articular fat pads?

Answer 22

areas where there is a build up of adipose tissue on the synovial membrane - form flexible cushions to fill irregularities within the joint.

Question 23

what is the role of the synovial villi?

Answer 23

increase surface area within the joint

Question 24

what is the cellular intima?

Answer 24

inner layer of the synovial membrane

made of synoviocytes 1-3 cells deep

Question 25

what is the fibrovascular subintimal lamina?

Answer 25

outer supportive layer of the synovial membrane

has elastin component preventing redundant folds from forming during movement

Question 26

what is the role of type A cells?

Answer 26

removal of debris from the joint - part of the macrophage system

Question 27

what is the role of type B cells?

Answer 27

production of synovial fluid

Question 28

what type of cells are most prominent in the cellular intima?

Answer 28

type B

Question 29

what is the role of bursa and tendon sheaths?

Answer 29

reduce friction between the moving surfaces - they are also coated in synovial membrane

Question 30

what type of joint is the hip?

Answer 30

simple, multiraxial, ball and socket, synovial joint

Question 31

where does the iliofemoral ligament origniate and insert?

Answer 31

from underneath the AIIS to the intertrochanteric line of the femur

Question 32

what is the role of the iliofemoral ligament?

Answer 32

superior fibres resist abduction and adduction

inferior fibres resist extension

Question 33

what shape is the iliofemoral ligament?

Answer 33

Y shaped

Question 34

where does the pubofemoral ligament originate and insert?

Answer 34

originates on the iliopubic eminence - unites with iliofemoral ligament and then inserts onto the intertrochanteric line

Question 35

what is the role of the pubofemoral ligament?

Answer 35

resists extension and abduction

Question 36

what is the shape of the pubofemoral ligament?

Answer 36

narrow and cord like

Question 37

what is the origin and insertion of the ischiofemoral ligament?

Answer 37

ischial wall of the acetabulum to the neck of the femur

Question 38

what is the role of the ischeofermoral ligament?

Answer 38

resists medial rotation

Question 39

what is the shape of the ischeofermoral ligament?

Answer 39

spiral shape

Question 40

what is the acetabular labrum?

Answer 40

fibrocartilidge rim at the edge of the acetabulum

Question 41

what is the role of the labrum?

Answer 41

deepens the hip socket to increase congruency and therefore increase stability.

Question 42

what is the ligamentum teres?

Answer 42

flat triangular fold of synovial membrane containing arteries which supply the head of the femur.

Question 43

what is the role of the acetabular fat pad?

Answer 43

Assists the spread of synovial fluid and sends sensory information about the joint as it becomes compressed.