arthrology of the foot Flashcards
what bones make up the hindfoot?
calcaneus and talus
what bones make up the midfoot?
navicular, cuboid and 3 cuneiforms
what bones make up the forefoot?
metatarsals and phalanges
what is the classification of the subtalar joint?
synovial, simple, plane, multi-axial
describe the articulation at the subtalar joint
-convex, anterior part of calcaneus
-concave posterior, inferior talus
describe the capsule and synovium of the foot
-loose, fibrous capsule joins to all margins
- lined with synovial membrane
- capsular thickenings occur laterally, posteriorly and medially
describe the interosseous ligament
-unites talus and calcaneus
- dense, fibrous tissue, incredibly strong
- anterior and posterior parts, both quadrilateral in shape, attaching from floor of sinus tarsi
- anterior fibres run superiorly and anteriorly and attach just behind head of talus
-posterior fibres run superiorly and posteriorly to attach in front of underside of talus
where is the ligamentum cervicis
lateral end of sinus tarsi
what is the role of the ligamentum cervicis
acts to limit inversion of the hindfoot
what 2 joints make up the midtarsal joint?
calcaneocuboid and talocalcaneonavicular
classify the talocalcaneonavicular joint?
synovial, compound, ball and socket, multi axial
what are the ligaments of the talocalcaneonavicular joint?
- “spring ligament”
-dorsal talovicular ligament - bifurcate ligament
describe the spring ligament
-plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
- thick dense, fibroelastic
- anterior / media sustentaculum tali to entire width inferior navicular
-resists inferior displacement of the talus
describe the attachments of the dorsal talonavicular ligament
neck of talus to the dorsal surface of navicular
classify the calcaneocuboid joint
synovial, simple, plain, multi-axial
describe the bifurcate ligament and it’s attachments
completes socket laterally
attaches from upper, anterior calcaneus to adjacent navicular
what are the main ligaments of the calcaneocuboid joint
-dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament
- bifurcate ligament
- short plantar calcaneocuboid ligament
- long plantar ligament
describe the bifurcate ligament
-has 2 parts
-1 part attaches calcaneus to navicular
-other part attaches calcaneus to cuboid
describe the short calcaneocuboid plantar ligament and it’s attachments
-strong and short
-blends with joint capsule inferiorly
-from rounded eminence on inferior calcaneus, attaches to inferior cuboid
describe the location of the long plantar ligament in relation to the short plantar ligament
long ligament is superficial to the short, and is more lateral
describe the attachments of the long plantar ligaments
-posteriorly attaches to calcaneal tuberosity
- fibres pass forwards
- deep fibres attach to the ridge of cuboid
- intermediate fibres attach beyond the groove of cuboid, forming an arch over peroneus longus
-superficial fibres attach to the bases of lateral 4 metatarsals
what movements can occur at the subtalar and midtarsal joints
eversion and inversion
what 2 movements make up inversion of the foot
adduction and supination
what 2 movements make up eversion of the foot
abduction and pronation
what are the functions of the arches of the foot
-distributes body weight to the weight bearing areas
-absorbs force and shock
- stores force for use in propulsion(windlass effect)
- provides safe passage for neurovascular structures for the foot
name the bones that make up the medial longitudinal arch of the foot
1st metatarsal, medial cuneiform, navicular talus, calcaneus
name the bones that make up the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot
5th metatarsal, cuboid, calcaneus
name the bones that make up the transverse arch of the foot
navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms, bases of 1st -5th metatarsals
what is the keystone of the transverse arch
base of 2nd metatarsal
