Arteriosclerosis

Question 1

Atherosclerosis (layer and location)

Answer 1

Intimal plaque usually in media and large size vessels

Question 2

4 Modifiable Risk Factors for Athersclerosis

Answer 2

Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia (LDL increases, HDL decreases), smoking, diabetes

Question 3

Pathogenesis

Answer 3

Damage to endothelium allows lipids to leak out, macs engulf and make foam cells, inflammation and healing lead to fibromuscular cap

Question 4

%Stenosis before Complications in Athersclerosis

Answer 4

> 70%

Question 5

2 Kinds of Arteriolosclerosis

Answer 5

Hyaline and hyperplastic

Question 6

Hyaline arteriolosclerosis (cause and 2 ways it arises)

Answer 6

Proteins leaking into vessel wall producing vascular thickening

1. Long standing benign hypertension - pushes proteins into wall
2. Diabetes - Aenzymatic glycosylation of basement membrane allows proteins to infiltrate

Question 7

Classic End Organ Damage in Hyaline Arteriolosclerosis

Answer 7

Glomerular scarring (arteriolonephrosclerosis) that leads to chronic renal failure

Question 8

Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis (what it is, cause, hallmark, 2 effects)

Answer 8

Malignant hypertension leads to smooth muscle hyperplasia with onion skin appearance
Can lead to fibrinoid necrosis and flea-bitten kidney

Question 9

Monckeberg Medial Calcific Sclerosis

Answer 9

Clinically insignificant calcifications of medium sized artieries, so run in a vascular pattern and can show up on things like mammograms