Arterial System Anatomy

Question 1

Arteries

Answer 1

transport gases, nutrients, and other essential substances to the capillaries

Question 2

Arterioles

Answer 2

considered RESISTANCE vessels; assist with regulating blood flow through contraction and relaxation

Question 3

capillaries

Answer 3

nutrients and waste products are exchanged between the tissue and blood

Question 4

venules

Answer 4

collect blood from the capillary beds and regulate blood flow through contraction and relaxation

Question 5

veins

Answer 5

collect blood from the venules and return it to the heart. veins get progressively larger from the venules to the heart

Question 6

tunica intima

Answer 6

innermost layer
smooth endothelial cells
supported by internal elastic lamina

**subendothelial space: site of proliferative activity - WHERE ATHEROSCLEROSIS OCCURS!

Question 7

tunica media

Answer 7

middle and thickest layer
smooth muscle cells intermingled with elastic fibers

Question 8

tunica adventitia/externa

Answer 8

outer layer
thinner than tunica media
fibrous connective tissue; some muscle fibers

Question 9

which layer contains nerve fibers and lymphatics

Answer 9

tunica adventitia/externa

Question 10

where is vasa vasorum located and what is it

Answer 10

tunica adventitia/externa

blood supply within the blood supply (a network of very small vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the walls oof large blood vessels

Question 11

what are the FIRST branches of the aorta

Answer 11

coronary arteries

Question 12

what is the brachiocephalic trunk (innominate) artery

Answer 12

first and largest branch of aortic arch

bifurcates into the right subclavian and right carotid arteries

Question 13

what are the 3 branches of the aortic arch

Answer 13

innominate artery
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery

Question 14

where does the subclavian artery terminate

Answer 14

in the axillary artery at the border of the first rib

Question 15

where does the axillary artery begin and end

Answer 15

begins: behind the clavicle
ends: brachial artery at the axilla

Question 16

where does the brachial artery start and end

Answer 16

begins at the axilla
ends at the elbow/antecubital fossa

Question 17

where does the radial artery start and end

Answer 17

starts at the LATERAL side of the forearm
ends at the DEEP palmar arch

Question 18

where does the ulnar artery start and end

Answer 18

starts at the MEDIAL side of the forearm
ends at the SUPERFICIAL palmar arch

Question 19

T or F: is the palmar arch always complete

Answer 19

False

Question 20

what is the course of the deep palmar (volar) arch

Answer 20

courses along the palm

Question 21

what is the course of the superficial palmar (volar) arch

Answer 21

courses along the back of the hand

Question 22

what is the source of the Deep palmar arch

Answer 22

raDial artery (think DEEP palmar arch and raDial)

Question 23

what is the source of the Superficial palmar arch

Answer 23

Ulnar artery

Question 24

what does the celiac artery supply

Answer 24

stomach, liver, pancreas, duodenum and spleen

Question 25

what are the branches of the celiac artery

Answer 25

left gastric artery, common hepatic artery, splenic artery

Question 26

what does the SMA supply

Answer 26

small intestine, cecum and parts of the colon

Question 27

what is the landmark for identifying renal arteries

Answer 27

left renal vein

Question 28

which renal artery is longer and where does the right renal artery pass behind

Answer 28

right longer than left; passes behind the IVC

Question 29

IMA supplies what? and what is an important fact about the IMA?

Answer 29

supplies traverse and descending colon, part of the rectum

potential collateral pathway

Question 30

what are 2 potential collateral connections between the SMA and IMA

Answer 30

marginal artery of the colon (known as marginal artery of Drummond)

arc of riolan

Question 31

what does the CIA supply

Answer 31

supply the pelvis, abdominal wall, and lower limbs

Question 32

what is another name for IIA and what does it supply

Answer 32

hypogastric artery

supplies pelvis and inner thigh

Question 33

what does the EIA supply, where does it terminate and what is the landmark for it

Answer 33

supplies the leg

terminates into CFA at the inguinal ligament

landmark - psoas major muscle

Question 34

where does the SFA course and where does it terminate

Answer 34

courses the length of the medial thigh

terminates in the adductor hiatus and becomes the popliteal artery

Question 35

where does the DFA course and what collateral pathway does it provide

Answer 35

lateral and posterior

collateral pathway via connections to the popliteal artery (genicular branches)

Question 36

where does the popliteal artery terminate

Answer 36

terminates into the trifurcation

Question 37

what is the course of the ATA and where does it start/terminate

Answer 37

passes through interosseous membranes to the anterior lateral aspect (front) of the leg

first branch of the distal popliteal artery, terminates into DPA

Question 38

what is the course of the deep plantar artery

Answer 38

penetrates the sole of the foot as it unites with the lateral plantar artery to complete the plantar arch

Question 39

what does the PTA branch into

Answer 39

lateral plantar
medial plantar

Question 40

what does the medial plantar supply

Answer 40

sole of foot

Question 41

what does the tibial/peroneal trunk branch into

Answer 41

PTA and peroneal artery

Question 42

what does the peroneal artery supply

Answer 42

supplies the lateral side of the leg/foot

Question 43

where does the Deep plantar artery come from

Answer 43

distal branch of DPA (doralis pedis artery)