Arterial System Anatomy Flashcards
Arteries
transport gases, nutrients, and other essential substances to the capillaries
Arterioles
considered RESISTANCE vessels; assist with regulating blood flow through contraction and relaxation
capillaries
nutrients and waste products are exchanged between the tissue and blood
venules
collect blood from the capillary beds and regulate blood flow through contraction and relaxation
veins
collect blood from the venules and return it to the heart. veins get progressively larger from the venules to the heart
tunica intima
innermost layer
smooth endothelial cells
supported by internal elastic lamina
**subendothelial space: site of proliferative activity - WHERE ATHEROSCLEROSIS OCCURS!
tunica media
middle and thickest layer
smooth muscle cells intermingled with elastic fibers
tunica adventitia/externa
outer layer
thinner than tunica media
fibrous connective tissue; some muscle fibers
which layer contains nerve fibers and lymphatics
tunica adventitia/externa
where is vasa vasorum located and what is it
tunica adventitia/externa
blood supply within the blood supply (a network of very small vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the walls oof large blood vessels
what are the FIRST branches of the aorta
coronary arteries
what is the brachiocephalic trunk (innominate) artery
first and largest branch of aortic arch
bifurcates into the right subclavian and right carotid arteries
what are the 3 branches of the aortic arch
innominate artery
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery
where does the subclavian artery terminate
in the axillary artery at the border of the first rib
where does the axillary artery begin and end
begins: behind the clavicle
ends: brachial artery at the axilla
where does the brachial artery start and end
begins at the axilla
ends at the elbow/antecubital fossa
where does the radial artery start and end
starts at the LATERAL side of the forearm
ends at the DEEP palmar arch
where does the ulnar artery start and end
starts at the MEDIAL side of the forearm
ends at the SUPERFICIAL palmar arch
T or F: is the palmar arch always complete
False
what is the course of the deep palmar (volar) arch
courses along the palm
what is the course of the superficial palmar (volar) arch
courses along the back of the hand
what is the source of the Deep palmar arch
raDial artery (think DEEP palmar arch and raDial)
what is the source of the Superficial palmar arch
Ulnar artery
what does the celiac artery supply
stomach, liver, pancreas, duodenum and spleen
what are the branches of the celiac artery
left gastric artery, common hepatic artery, splenic artery
what does the SMA supply
small intestine, cecum and parts of the colon
what is the landmark for identifying renal arteries
left renal vein
which renal artery is longer and where does the right renal artery pass behind
right longer than left; passes behind the IVC
IMA supplies what? and what is an important fact about the IMA?
supplies traverse and descending colon, part of the rectum
potential collateral pathway
what are 2 potential collateral connections between the SMA and IMA
marginal artery of the colon (known as marginal artery of Drummond)
arc of riolan
what does the CIA supply
supply the pelvis, abdominal wall, and lower limbs
what is another name for IIA and what does it supply
hypogastric artery
supplies pelvis and inner thigh
what does the EIA supply, where does it terminate and what is the landmark for it
supplies the leg
terminates into CFA at the inguinal ligament
landmark - psoas major muscle
where does the SFA course and where does it terminate
courses the length of the medial thigh
terminates in the adductor hiatus and becomes the popliteal artery
where does the DFA course and what collateral pathway does it provide
lateral and posterior
collateral pathway via connections to the popliteal artery (genicular branches)
where does the popliteal artery terminate
terminates into the trifurcation
what is the course of the ATA and where does it start/terminate
passes through interosseous membranes to the anterior lateral aspect (front) of the leg
first branch of the distal popliteal artery, terminates into DPA
what is the course of the deep plantar artery
penetrates the sole of the foot as it unites with the lateral plantar artery to complete the plantar arch
what does the PTA branch into
lateral plantar
medial plantar
what does the medial plantar supply
sole of foot
what does the tibial/peroneal trunk branch into
PTA and peroneal artery
what does the peroneal artery supply
supplies the lateral side of the leg/foot
where does the Deep plantar artery come from
distal branch of DPA (doralis pedis artery)
