arterial Blood Gas

Question 1

What are the syringes 💉 preparation for ABG

Answer 1

🔸heparin 0.5. Ml

Question 2

What is the effect of heparin on the ABG ⁉️

Answer 2

🔸⬆️heparin will ⬆️Dilution effect ⬇️co2 and HCO 3

Question 3

What test we should do before taking the blood 🩸 in the ABG ⁉️

Answer 3

Allen’s test ➡️to make sure that the radial and the brachial works perfectly

Question 4

What are the sources of arteries we use for ABG ⁉️

Answer 4

🔸radial
🔸brachial
🔸femoral

Question 5

Why the radial is preferable for ABG ⁉️

Answer 5

🔸more superficial
🔸has collateral blood supply
🔸easy to access

Question 6

What’s the effect of the air bubbles ⁉️

Answer 6

It increases the o2 and decreases the co2

Question 7

What we should know from the ABG ⁉️

Answer 7

Oxygenation is the first thing ➡️pao2 (amount of oxygen inside plasma)
Acids and bases balance

Question 8

What is the difference between pao2 and PAO2

Answer 8

Pao2➡️pressure of oxygen in the arteries
PAO2➡️pressure of oxygen in the alveoli

Question 9

What are the factors that effect the pao2 levels ⁉️

Answer 9

🔸age
🔸fio2
🔸pAO2

Question 10

What is the relationship between pao2 and age ⁉️

Answer 10

When the age increases the pressure of oxygen in the arteries decreases

Question 11

What is the relationship between the fractions of inspired oxygen Fio2 and pressure of oxygen inside the arteries pao2⁉️

Answer 11

When the Fio2 increase the pao2 increase

Question 12

What is the relationship between PAO2 (pressure of oxygen inside the alveoli) and the pco2 ⁉️

Answer 12

They are the opposite to each other

Question 13

What is the difference between the o2 sat and the pao2 ⁉️

Answer 13

🔹o2sat ➡️oxygen bounded to HB
🔹pao2 ➡️oxygen free in plasma

Question 14

What is the difference between hypoxia and hypoemia ⁉️

Answer 14

🔹hypoxia ➡️decreases in the o2 that reaches the tissue
🔹hypoxemia ➡️decreases in o2 inside plasma

Question 15

Could we have hypoxia without hypoxemia ⁉️

Answer 15

Yes when the o2 supply inside the plasma is good but we have obstruction that prevents blood flow to the tissue

Question 16

Classification of hypoxemia ⁉️

Answer 16

Mild ➡️60-80
Moderate ➡️40-60
Sever ➡️less than 40

Question 17

Causes of hypoxemia ⁉️decrease of o 2 in plasma

Answer 17

🔹shunt
🔹ventilation perfusion miss match
🔹decrease the FIo2
🔹impared alveolar capillary diffusion

Question 18

What is the ventilation perfusion mismatch ⁉️

Answer 18

🔆it could be pure dead space ➡️ventilation without perfusion
🔆it could be pure shut ➡️perfusion without ventilation

Question 19

What is the A-a gradient ⁉️

Answer 19

It’s the difference between o2 inside the alveoli and o2 inside the arteries

Question 20

The normal A-a gradient values is ⁉️and doesn’t change with age

Answer 20

🔸15mm
🔸rise 1 mm with each decade

Question 21

When does the A-a gradient increase ⁉️

Answer 21

🔹r to l shunt
🔹v/Q miss match
🔹diffusion defect

Question 22

What is acidosis ⁉️

Answer 22

It’s the process that tend to decrease the ph by
🔹gaining H+
🔹loss of hco3 -

لكن الph ما بقل

Question 23

What is the alkalosis

Answer 23

The process that tends to increase the PH by
🔹loss of h+
🔹gain hco3 -

Question 24

What is acidemia ⁉️

Answer 24

When the ph become bellow 7.35

Question 25

What is alkalemia ⁉️

Answer 25

It’s increasing in the ph more than 7.45

Question 26

What are the systems that are responsible for ph regulation

Answer 26

Metabolic
Respiratory
Renal ➡️in the chronic cases

Question 27

What are the conditions that cause metabolic acidosis ⁉️loss of hco3-

Answer 27

Diarrhea 💩
Sepsis
DKA
Renal Failure 😞
Aspirin