ART/PGT Flashcards
What does assisted reproductive technology deal with
Handling of eggs, sperm, or embryos
Used by people with infertility, couples without sperm or egg producing partner, people with banked gametes, single, parents by choice
What is intracervical insemination & what are the reasons it may be performed & what is the success rate
Sperm inserted as close to cervix as possible with syringe
Can be done at home, less expensive
Success rate %5-20 per cycle
What is intrauterine insemination, what are reasons it is done, what is the success rate
Washed & concentrated sperm placed directly into uterus
Increases sperm to reach Fallopian tube, less expensive & costly than IVF, can be done because of decreased motility or count, or unexplained infertility
5-20% success rate per cycle
What are the steps to In vitro fertilization, & what is the chance for a baby
Ovarian stimulation with injectable fertility medications, egg retrieval with US guided needle, either conventions, fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection, & then embryo transfer or freezing
0-10 embryos in cycle, success rate for baby 1-43% depending on age & other factors
What are reproductive options for at risk couples
Conceive & utilize prenatal dx
Conceive, utilize postnatal testing, & treatment if baby affected
Conceive & adopt out
Avoid pregnancy
Significantly reduce risk through ART, with donor gamete or preimplantation genetic testing
What are some ethical concerns with donor gametes
Psychological effects on children, consent & counseling of all parties, concerns about bio siblings meeting unknowingly, compensation
When does genetic analysis occur in PGT
Analysis of embryo prior to implantation
When can PGM be used & what types of analysis are performed
When disease causing mutation is known
Direct mutation analysis is not enough, must do linkage analysis as well
Why can’t the lab just directly test for the mutation in PGT-M
Allele drop out can cause misrepresentation of presence or absence of variant
What are limitations of PGT-M
Must know disease causing variant, accuracy not 100%, cannot correct mutations, all embryos could be affected, may not be option if de novo in parent, cannot determine number of repeats in trinucleotide repeat disorders
What are limitations of PGT-A
Accuracy not 100%, cannot rule out mosaicism, cannot detect small losses & gains or structural changes
When is PGT-SR recommended
If gamete source has translocation or inversion
