ART/PGT Flashcards

1
Q

What does assisted reproductive technology deal with

A

Handling of eggs, sperm, or embryos
Used by people with infertility, couples without sperm or egg producing partner, people with banked gametes, single, parents by choice

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2
Q

What is intracervical insemination & what are the reasons it may be performed & what is the success rate

A

Sperm inserted as close to cervix as possible with syringe
Can be done at home, less expensive
Success rate %5-20 per cycle

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3
Q

What is intrauterine insemination, what are reasons it is done, what is the success rate

A

Washed & concentrated sperm placed directly into uterus
Increases sperm to reach Fallopian tube, less expensive & costly than IVF, can be done because of decreased motility or count, or unexplained infertility
5-20% success rate per cycle

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4
Q

What are the steps to In vitro fertilization, & what is the chance for a baby

A

Ovarian stimulation with injectable fertility medications, egg retrieval with US guided needle, either conventions, fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection, & then embryo transfer or freezing
0-10 embryos in cycle, success rate for baby 1-43% depending on age & other factors

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5
Q

What are reproductive options for at risk couples

A

Conceive & utilize prenatal dx
Conceive, utilize postnatal testing, & treatment if baby affected
Conceive & adopt out
Avoid pregnancy
Significantly reduce risk through ART, with donor gamete or preimplantation genetic testing

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6
Q

What are some ethical concerns with donor gametes

A

Psychological effects on children, consent & counseling of all parties, concerns about bio siblings meeting unknowingly, compensation

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7
Q

When does genetic analysis occur in PGT

A

Analysis of embryo prior to implantation

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8
Q

When can PGM be used & what types of analysis are performed

A

When disease causing mutation is known

Direct mutation analysis is not enough, must do linkage analysis as well

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9
Q

Why can’t the lab just directly test for the mutation in PGT-M

A

Allele drop out can cause misrepresentation of presence or absence of variant

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10
Q

What are limitations of PGT-M

A

Must know disease causing variant, accuracy not 100%, cannot correct mutations, all embryos could be affected, may not be option if de novo in parent, cannot determine number of repeats in trinucleotide repeat disorders

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11
Q

What are limitations of PGT-A

A

Accuracy not 100%, cannot rule out mosaicism, cannot detect small losses & gains or structural changes

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12
Q

When is PGT-SR recommended

A

If gamete source has translocation or inversion

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