Art gothique Flashcards

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1
Q

la définition

A

“gothique” - À la Renaissance, il est utilisé pour désigner l’art de la fin du Moyen Âge, avec une connotation péjorative qui disparaît au xixe siècle.

l’art français

法国是哥特式建筑的起源地。 法国哥特建筑的特点是它们的高度和垂直感,这一点也强烈影响了德国和比利时。与英国哥特教堂的多样化相比, 法国的主教堂都趋向于外在形式统一。

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2
Q

l’ogive

(f)

A

肋架券

券架在柱子顶上,“蹼”架在券上。“蹼”的重量传到券上,由券传到柱子再传到基础。这是一框架式的结构,券成了肋,重力的传递很明确。使用肋架券的第一好处是“蹼”的厚度大大减小,可以薄到25–30厘米左右,因此节约了材料,减轻了结构重量,并且可以在建造时先砌筑肋架券,然后将“蹼”填充到几个券之间去,从而少用许多模板,使施工经济,简便快捷。

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3
Q

la nervure

A

rib

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4
Q

la voûte en arêtes

A

A groin vault (bóveda de crucería) or groined vault (also sometimes known as a double barrel vault or cross vault 十字拱) is produced by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults. The word groin (arête) refers to the edge between the intersecting vaults.

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5
Q

l’arc brisé

A

literally “broken bow”

lower curve formed from two symmetrical half-arcs abutting one another

aussi: arc en ogive

arco ogival / 尖肋拱顶 / Pointed Arch or Gothic Arch

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6
Q

l’arc-boutant

A

flying butress / el arbotante / 飞扶壁

扶壁(buttress),也称扶拱垛,是一种用来分担主墙压力的辅助设施,在罗曼式建筑中即已得到大量运用。但哥特式建筑把原本实心的、被屋顶遮盖起来的扶壁,都露在外面,称为飞扶壁。

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7
Q

le pinacle

A

Les pinacles (pinnacles / pináculos / 尖塔) sont des petits édicules (小神社) au sommet des arcs-boutants. Parfois en plomb et de forme pyramidale de base polygonale (ou simplement une flèche ou pointe), ils servent en premier lieu à augmenter la masse des arcs-boutants pour améliorer l’équilibre des forces issues des murs. Ils sont parfois ajourés et ornés de fleurons servant de couronnement, ajoutant donc une fonction décorative.

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8
Q

la colonne fasciculée

A

束柱

柱子不再是简单的圆形,多根柱子合在一起,强调了垂直的线条,更加衬托了空间的高耸峻峭。

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9
Q

la culée

A

Contrefort massif maçonné supportant les arcs-boutants.

In architecture, a spur (contrefort) is a reinforcement of masonry, projecting and massive, high on the outside of a domed building, which used to contain the effects of a load or thrust of arches and vaults.

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10
Q

la rosace

A

rose window / el rosetón / 玫瑰窗

哥特式建筑逐渐取消了台廊、楼廊,增加侧廊窗户的面积,直至整个教堂采用大面积排窗。这些窗户既高且大,几乎承担了墙体的功能。并应用了从阿拉伯国家学得的彩色玻璃工艺,拼组成一幅幅五颜六色的宗教故事,起到了向不识字的民众宣传教义的作用,也具有很高的艺术成就。花窗玻璃以红、蓝二色为主,蓝色象征天国,红色象征基督的鲜血。
窗棂的构造工艺十分精巧繁复。细长的窗户被称为“柳叶窗”,圆形的则被称为“玫瑰窗”。他们改变了罗曼式建筑因采光不足而沉闷压抑的景象,并表达了人们向往天国的内心理想。

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11
Q

le triforium

A

A triforium (triforio / 拱廊) is a shallow arched gallery within the thickness of inner wall, which stands above the nave of a church or cathedral.

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