Art, Culture & History Flashcards
Describe the realism movement and what kinds of subjects it portrayed
France in 1850s which documented people and life they experienced. Manual labor, lives of everyday people, dark serious tones
What kinds of themes did Frida Kahlo explore?
Pain, injuries, issues of childbirth, identity
What does Picasso’s guernica depict?
Horrors of war, suffering from the Spanish civil war, anti war painting
What kinds of themes does Romare Bearden explore in his work?
African american neighborhood climates through collage, jazz, rural south
How did humanism help women artists?
humanism emphasized the value of all people, helped women artists reach acclaim
How did pop art change the art scene?
blurred the line between high art and mass produced cultural objects, elevated common items to fine art
What were African art objects often used for?
religious purposes like display on an altar, sacrifice, commemoration, to contact spirits of ancestors.
How were African masks used?
In performances and rituals, dancer would put on mask and took on role of a powerful spiritual being
How does Eastern art differ from western art?
Doesn’t follow the same elements and principles or have a hierarchy of fine arts vs craft. Craftsmanship is valued in Asia
What does Eastern art most typically depict?
landscapes and spiritual ideas, flat plane instead of perspective
Describe how buddhism influenced asian art
Mandalas (depict the universe) and Buddha statues present in Asian art. Art sought to depict man’s understanding of nature. Attempted to capture the inner essence of things
Describe Middle Eastern art
Art made in Middle east by muslim and non muslim artists. Religion as theme, man’s temporary presence on earth compared with infinity. Floral depictions and calligraphy from the Quran
Describe Early Aboriginal Art. What had a large influence on this art?
From Australia that included rock paintings and carvings. Rock art for ceremonial purposes. European colonization of Australia. Australian painting arose depicting landscapes and rural pioneer
Describe the evolution of latin american 3 art in steps. What 3 cultures is latin american art a mix of?
Indigenous people with utilitarian objects, when colonized by Europe styles began to blend, further blend with African slaves, Indian natives. Depicted religious topics. Latin American art is a blend of Indian, African, and European art
When did Impressionism flourish in America?
19th century
What kind of prehistoric artworks have been found and where?
Europe- petroglyphs, cave paintings, Venus of Willendorf. China and Japan prehistoric pottery and bronze figures. Australian and African cave paintings
What era are the Lascaux cave paintings from?
Paleolithic Era
What kind of art work was found in Egypt? When? Where was it found?
Painting, Sculpture, jewelry. 3000 BC to 30 AD. Tombs of wealthy leaders.
How were statues used in Ancient Egypt? What is a ka statue?
As a conduit for people to interact with gods. Ka statue is a statue for the resting place of a person’s life force
What did Ancient Egyptian art mostly depict?
Not meant to be seen, created for tombs, emphasized life after death
How did Ancient Egyptian artists used scale in artworks?
Larger the figure the more important they were
Describe frescoes. In which period were they most commonly used?
murals painted on wet plaster walls, when dried pigment showed. Renaissance
During what time period was the Renaissance?
14th-16th centuries
During what time period was baroque art?
17th-18th centuries
Describe the Baroque style of artwork
Meant to inspire a sense of awe, illustrate catholic and biblical ideas, dramatic sense of movement, hidden symbols in artwork, detailed
What is chiaroscuro and when was it most commonly used?
Contrasting strong light and dark tones to create a high contrast scene, Baroque art
What is tenebrism?
Keeping an area of a piece black while a portion of the subject is illuminated
With which culture did Classical art begin?
Greeks which later influenced Romans
Describe what Greek sculpture portrayed
religion, nude athletics, sponsored by government and made for public
What kind of media did Romans use?
Encaustic, tempera on panels, frescoes, mosaics
What is encaustic?
pigment mixed with hot wax
What is tesserae?
Pieces of glass or tile for mosaics
What kind of media did the Greeks use?
marble, limestone, cast bronze, terracotta, pottery with red and black figure styles
When was the medieval art period?
Between fall of Roman empire and Renaissance
What are the three parts of the medieval art period?
Byzantine, Romanesque, Gothic
Describe Byzantine art
From Byzantium empire, favored symbolism, imperial and religious subjects
Describe Romanesque art
Massive churches with stone arches, frescoes and encaustic on panels
Describe Gothic art
Cathedrals and elaborate architecture with decoration, paintings: animated figure paintings painted small in relation to the background
Describe Mannerism. What was it in reaction to?
Reaction to Renaissance, focused on style on technique more than meaning, arose from scientific discovery that earth revolves around the sun and man is not the center of the movement
Describe the reformation movement
highlighted need for church reforms, brought turmoil and religious uncertainty
How did the reformation movement influence mannerism?
Reflected uncertainty by displaying people in new ways, played with promotions, elongated limbs, small heads, unnatural poses, flattened composition
Describe El Greco’s work. What time period was he from?
Painted figures with elongated and strange proportions displaying strong emotions, unnatural poses, figures seem to be lit from within or from an unseen source, Mannerist painter
Describe Tintoretto’s work. What time period was he from?
Mannerist painter, religious works, elongated forms and forced poses, better spatial depth and understanding of lighting
What did Renaissance artists study?
Anatomy and perspective
Who were the three most famous Renaissance artists?
Michelangelo, Leondardo da Vinci, Raphael
Describe Leondardo da Vinci and his most well known works. What technique did he pioneer?
Renaissance man because he had knowledge of math, astronomy, art, literature, Mona Lisa and Last Supper. Sfumato- subtle gradations to create smoky look
Describe Michelangelo and his most well known works.
Eastern of anatomy, David statue, sistine shape, ceiling, achieved fame during his lifetime and inspired Raphael
Describe Raphael and his most well known works.
Skillful composition, depictions of human nature, School of Athens, mastery of perspective
When did Neoclassicism occur? What intellectual movement did it collide with?
Late 18th and early 19th centuries, Age of Enlightenment- reason as authority
Des ribe Neoclassicism works
Attempt to revive classical Greek style, depart from Baroque, serious, somber colors, smooth paint with no brushstrokes
Describe Jacques-Louis Davis and his most well known works. What time period was he a part of?
Neoclassical style, Oath of Horatii- tells a classical roman story where Horatii brothers take an oath to defend Rome, figures foreground creating an almost sculptural relief in a painting
Describe Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres and his most well known works. What time period was he a part of?
Neoclassical artist, Student of David, known for portraits, Oedipus and the Sphinx- Greek myth of Oedipus where Oedipus is guessing riddle of Sphinx, Oedipus depicted as beautiful ideal young man in classical style
Describe the Romanticism movement
Emphasized emotion and individualism, illustrated literary themes and attempted to capture the beauty and sublime of nature
Which artistic movement elevated landscape painting? How?
Romanticism, created monumental landscape paintings, vast spaces with people dwarfed in comparison, mystical landscapes
Who were the 3 most famous romanticists?
Eugene Delacroix, Theodore Gericault, Thomas Cole
What time period is Eugene Delacroix from? What is he most known for?
Romanticist, Liberty leading the people, female figure of liberty leading french revolution, violent dramatic historical scene