art Flashcards
Gana Kapeema
The cutting of trees and portioning the wood into required sizes. The tree bark is removed at this stage.
Areas where mask industry is popular in Sri Lanka.
Ambalangoda, Benthara, Mirissa, Raigam Koralaya, Mathugama.
Types of wood used in mask making.
Diya Kaduru and Ruk Aththana.
Payam Paheema-
Smoothening of the wood by cutting off any nodes on the surface.
The rough outline of the sketch of the mask is made and the additional parts of wood are
cut off.
Kiri Hindaweema-
The excess latex is removed from the wood by either letting it dry
under the sunlight or by heating them over a slow fire. This step facilitates the carving
and colour application on the mask.
Lakunu Kapeema-
The carving of the facial features on the mask is known as Lakunu
Kapeema. In this stage, the excess wood on the back of the mask is removed to help fit to the wearer’s face. In the past days, the mask was again heated for about 03 months to dry the wood out.
A pre-coat known as ____ is used over the mask before applying colours.
Alliyadu
what is alliyadu and wht does it do
Alliyadu is made by straining a mixture of water and Makulumati. The resulting product
is white in colour. It gives a neutral surface to apply colours.
Yellow-
Hiriyal
Red-
Sadilingam
White-
Makulumati
Green-
Bovitiya, Ranawara
Purple-
long beans.
After the colours were dried, ____ was applied on the mask to give a shine and to
ensure a long life for the creation.
Dorana oil
6 types of masks
- Raja Masks
- Raksha Masks
- Yaksha Masks
- Naga Kanya Masks
- Sanni Masks
- Kolam Masks
what are manavaharam
Hindu Festive vehicles or Maravahanam are wooden structures dedicated to deities. Statues of deities and gods were placed in these structures and paraded during Hindu festivals.
why is it called manavaharam
The term ‘Maravahanam’ comes from the Tamil term ‘Maram’, which means tree. Since these vehicles were decorated with wooden carvings, they were known as ‘Maravahanam’.
______, a Indian historical book states that these vehicles date back to _____ period. Once verse from the written material discloses that statues were done using ___,___ and ___mediums. Hence, it is assumed that wooden festive vehicles have a long run history in India.
manimekhalyi
sunga period
wood, clay and ivory
Scholars believe that Maravahanam reached great development during ___ and ___ periods.
Pallava and Chola
02 types of Maravahanam.
- Vehicles dragged by using ropes known as ‘Wadam’.
- Vehicles carried by men.
examples for wadam
Theru
Manjam
Kailasa Vahanam Sapparam
examples for vehicles carried by men.
Simma Vahanam
Naga Vahanam
Anna Vahanam
Eli Vahanam
Mayil Vahanam
Kudirei Vahanam
Carvings of animals and birds that can be noted
Elephant, horse, lion motifs.
Wamana or dwarf figures.
Human figures, Yaali figures and Kama Dhenu (a figure designed combining a female
head and the body of a horse)
Floral motifs.
where are simma vahanam seen
This can be seen at Siththi Vinayagar kovil in Mulayi, Jaffna
when were simma vahanam created
Created by Sinnaddiyar in the 20th century.
more info abt simma vahanam
It is a stylized carving of a lion. Eyes are rounded and protrudes. The open mouth shows sharp teeth. The tail is carved as if it is lifted up.
- The lion wears a neck jewellery.
- The craftsman had used pieces of glass. The reflection light adds a heavenly sense to the vehicle.
where are kudirei vahanam seen
This can be seen at Kandaswami Kovil in Nallur, Jaffna.
when were kudirei vahanam created
- Created by Thirumbei Marudur Govindasami between 1963- 1964.
more info abt kudirei vahanam
- It has a very rigid look on the face and the horse is depicted as if it is leaping angrily.
- The fore legs are raised upwards while the rear legs are bent- these legs hold the entore weight of the structure.
what does the kudirei vahanam convey
- Conveys majesty and warriorness.
what is the manjam vehicle used for
This vehicle is specially used for the Manjam festival.
where can manjam vehicles be seen
A special Manjam vehicle can be seen at Kandaswami Kovil at Inuvil, Jaffna.
when were manjam vehicles made
It is believed to be built during 1909-1910.
- The entire vehicle is built using wood. The structure has 03 main parts
- lower section, middle section and upper section.
- Lower section is
immediately above the wheels. It is decorated with carvings of deity, animal, bird, dwarf figures as well as lotus and palapethi motifs.
what is themost important section in a manjam vehicle adn why
describe the upper section of a. manjam vehicle
The uppers section of the Manjam shows similarities to the vimana features of Gopura structures at Kovils. The upper section has floors, where statues of deities are placed in Vimanas, whose outward appearance is defined by decorative animal and floral carvings.
02 types of Ther vehicles.
The 01st type has the entire structure built in wood. It cannot be disassembled.
- The 02nd types of Ther vehicles have a fixed lower section completely built using wood
simmilarity in manjam and their vehicle
Similar to Manjam vehicles, Ther also have 03 sections.
what is considered as the oldest vehicle
their vehicle
for whom is the their vehicle dedicated to
god shiva
name a vehicle with wood carvings that belong to the earliest wood carving styles of Sri Lanka.
their vehicle
where are their vehicles seen
A special Ther vehicle can be seen at Kok Kattichcholei Sivam Kovil in Batticaloa
how old is the their vehicle
older than a century
