Arrythmias

Question 1

Normal sinus rhythm

Answer 1

60-100 bpm

Question 2

Sinus

Answer 2

Arrhythmia

Question 3

Bradycardia

Answer 3

Generally SA node dysfunction

<60 bpm

Question 4

Tachycardia

Answer 4

> 100 bpm

Question 5

Focal mechanism

Answer 5

Begins in a single spot or focus

Question 6

Reentry

Answer 6

Two pathways at both ends
Different conduction properties
Different refractory periods

Needs a trigger or premature beat to get the reentry circuit started

The heart tissue sustains the reentry circuit

Question 7

Conduction velocity

Answer 7

Speed of depolarization through tissue or how fast the signals traveling

Question 8

Refractory period

Answer 8

The amount of time it takes tissue to recover before it can accept another impulse

Question 9

Reentry pathway 1

Answer 9

Faster conduction velocity

Slower refractory period

Question 10

Reentry pathway 2

Answer 10

Slow conduction

Shorter refractory period

Question 11

How reentry starts

Answer 11

Premature beat or trigger
Pathway 1 is in refractory period
Signal travels down pathway 2
Slow signal so pathway 1 is no longer in refractory
Signal goes forward on common conduction pathway but also back up pathway 1
Will continue to travel in a circular fashion

Question 12

AFib outlook

Answer 12

Most commonly diagnosed and treated arrhythmia

33 million people

5x greater risk for stroke

Question 13

AFib

Answer 13

Electrical activity in RA and LA gets disorganized and the atria fibrillate

Does not fall into one specific mechanism

“Irregularly irregular” inconsistent atrial contraction and irregular ventricular rate

Question 14

LAA AFib

Answer 14

Common location for clot formation

If dislodged could cause stroke

Question 15

Pulmonary veins AFib

Answer 15

Ostium of PVs most common location for triggers likely due to transitional tissue, PV meets myocardium

Question 16

Posterior wall of LA

Answer 16

Another common location for triggers. Transitional tissue but also because of remodeling

Question 17

Common devices used for AFib

Answer 17

Cartosound module 
Carto vizigo
Bidirectional guiding sheath 
Thermocool smarttouch SF
Pentaray 
Visitag surpoint module