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ECG Workout > Arrhythmias > Flashcards

Arrhythmias Flashcards

1
Q

______ arrhythmias result from disturbances in impulse discharge and impulse _______ from the sinus node

A

Sinus; conduction

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2
Q

List the 5 sinus arrhythmias

A

Sinus bradycardia
Sinus tachycardia
Sinus arrhythmia
Sinus arrest
Sinus exit block

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3
Q
A

Normal sinus rhythm

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4
Q
A

Sinus tachycardia

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5
Q

Can be caused by anything that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system or inhibits the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Sinus tachycardia

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6
Q

Drugs such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, dobutamine, tricyclic antidepressants, isuprel, cocaine, and nitroprusside _______ sympathetic tone causing ______ HR

A

Increased, increased

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7
Q

Drugs such as atropine _____ parasympathetic tone resulting in _____ HR

A

Decrease, decreased

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8
Q
A

Sinus bradycardia

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9
Q

The sympathetic nervous system works as a cardiac ______

A

Accelerator

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10
Q

The autonomic nervous system works as a cardiac ______

A

Inhibitor

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11
Q

Sinus tachycardia begins and ends ______ in contrast to other tachycardias that begin and end ______

A

Gradually; suddenly

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12
Q

Marked bradyarrhythmias alternating with episodes of tachyarrhythmias that is accompanied by symptoms of hemodynamic compromise (dizziness, syncope, CP, HF)

A

Tachy-Brady syndrome

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13
Q

Treatment of choice for persistent sinus bradycardia

A

Atropine
Max dose: 3 mg

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14
Q
A

Sinus arrhythmia

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15
Q
A

Sinus pause (arrest and exit block)

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16
Q

Differentiator for sinus pauses

A

Sinus block on time
Sinus arrest not on time

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17
Q

A pacemaker other than the sinus node

A

Ectopic pacemaker
Can be atrial junctional or ventricular

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18
Q

Abnormal condition in which myocardial cells may depolarize more than once after stimulation by a single electrical impulse

A

Triggered automaticity

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19
Q

Common causes of triggered automaticity

A

MI
hypoxia
hypomagnesemia
Long QT
Slow HR
meds that prolong repolarization

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20
Q

Circular movement of an impulse commonly resulting in rapid heart rates

A

Reentry

21
Q
A

Wandering atrial pacemaker

22
Q

Common causes of reentry

A

MI
Hyperkalemia
Accessory pathway

23
Q

The pacemaker site shifts back and forth between the sinus node, other atrial sites, and sometimes the AV node

A

Wandering atrial pacemaker

24
Q

Common cause of WAP

A

Increased vagal effect on the SA node
(Altered automaticity)

25
Q

Variant of WAP with rates > 100 bpm
Common in persons with COPD

A

MAT
multifocal atrial tachycardia

26
Q
A

PACs

27
Q

PACs associated with a wide QRS complex

A

Aberrantly conducted PACs
Due to impulse reaching the bundle branches before repolarization is complete. Causes sequential depolarization of ventricles

28
Q

T/F
The pause associated with PACs is usually non compensatory

A

True
Measurement from r wave before PAC to r wave after PAC is less than the sum of two R-R intervals of underlying rhythm

29
Q

Common causes of PACs

A

Stress
Alcohol, caffeine, nicotine
Hypoxia
MI
Chronic lung disease

30
Q

When PACs occurs in consecutive runs of three or more (at a rate of 140-250 bpm)
______ is considered to be present

A

Atrial tachycardia

31
Q
A

Nonconducted PAC

32
Q

Most common cause of unexpected pauses in a regular sinus rhythm

A

Nonconducted PACs

33
Q

How to differentiate between Nonconducted PAC and sinus pauses

A

Compare T wave contours
PAC will alter T wave

34
Q
A

Atrial Tachycardia

35
Q

Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia is commonly initiated by a ____

A

PAC

36
Q

Initial treatment of choice in patients with PAT who are hemodynamically unstable

A

Cardioversion

37
Q

Treatment options for patients with PAT who are hemodynamically stable

A

1st: Sedation
Next: vagal maneuvers
Adenosine 6mg
Rate control drugs (CCB, BB)
Ablation

38
Q
A

Atrial flutter

39
Q

Consists of a negative component followed by a positive component producing v shaped waveforms
Sawtooth appearance

A

Flutter waves in atrial flutter

40
Q

In atrial flutter _____ ratios are more common than _____ ratios

A

Even; odd

41
Q

If the conduction ratio varies, the ventricular rhythm will be irregular and the rhythm described as atrial flutter with ______\\

A

Variable AV conduction

42
Q

Clots in the atria

A

Mural thrombi

43
Q

If atrial flutter has been present less than ______ it is safe to convert the rhythm with cardioversion or amiodarone

A

48 hours

44
Q
A

atrial fibrillation

45
Q

_____ is the most common rhythm next to sinus rhythm

A

Atrial fibrillation

46
Q

AF with a V rate <100 bpm

A

Controlled atrial fibrillation

47
Q

AF with a V rate >100 bpm

A

Uncontrolled AF or AF with rapid ventricular response (RVR)

48
Q

Commonly caused by valvular heart disease, particularly mitral valve disease

A

Chronic AF

49
Q

List the 6 atrial arrhythmias

A

Wandering atrial pacemaker
Premature atrial contraction
Nonconducted PAC
Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
Atrial flutter
Atrial fibrillation

ECG Workout (5 decks)

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