A&P

Question 1

Conduction system supplied by the RCA

Answer 1

Sinoatrial (SA) node (55%)
Atrioventricular (AV) node and bundle of His (90%)
Posterior fascicle of the LBB

Question 2

Conduction system supplied by the LCA- ANTERIOR descending branch

Answer 2

Majority of RBB
Anterior fascicle of LBB
Portion of posterior fascicle of LBB

Question 3

Conduction system supplied by the LCA- CIRCUMFLEX branch

Answer 3

SA Node (45%)
AV node and bundle of His (10%)

Question 4

The outer fibrous pericardium is attached at what points

Answer 4

Inferior: center of diaphragm
Anterior: sternum
Posterior: esophagus, trachea, and main bronchi

Question 5

Approx wall thickness of the RA

Answer 5

2mm

Question 6

Approx wall thickness of the LA

Answer 6

3mm

Question 7

Approx thickness of the RV

Answer 7

3-5 mm

Question 8

Approx wall thickness of the LV

Answer 8

13-15 mm

Question 9

What governs the opening and closing of heart valves?

Answer 9

Changes in chamber pressure

Question 10

T/F
The tricuspid valve orifice is smaller than the mitral valve

Answer 10

F
Tricuspid- 11cm circumference, 3 leaflets
Mitral- 9cm circumference, 2 leaflets

Question 11

The atrial kick adds what percentage to ventricular capacity?

Answer 11

30%
The ventricles are 70% filled before atrial contraction

Question 12

Constitutes the first heart sound (S1)

Answer 12

Closure of AV valves

Question 13

Constitutes the second heart sound (S2)

Answer 13

Closure of the SL valves

Question 14

T/F
Right-side and left-sided events in the heart occur simultaneously

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Where do the right and left coronary arteries arise?

Answer 15

From the aorta just above and behind the aortic valve

Question 16

The coronary artery that gives rise to the ________ is usually considered the dominant coronary artery

Answer 16

Posterior descending artery

Question 17

Right dominance (the PDA being the terminal branch of the RCA) occurs in what percentage of the population?

Answer 17

85-90%
Left dominant (10-15%) is when the PDA is a continuation of the left circumflex branch

Question 18

Myocardial blood flow (flow through coronary arteries) is ____ during ventricular diastole than during ventricular systole

Answer 18

Greater

Question 19

The integration center for cardiac sensory info

Answer 19

The medulla

Question 20

Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system releases

Answer 20

Norepinephrine

Question 21

Effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation on HR, conduction through AV node and ventricular contraction

Answer 21

Increases HR
Speeds conduction through AV node
Increases for of ventricular contraction

Result of norepinephrine

Question 22

Effect of parasympathetic nervous system stimulation on HR, conduction through AV node and ventricular contraction

Answer 22

Decreases HR
Slows AVN conduction
Small decrease in force of ventricular contractions (minimal parasympathetic innervation in ventricles)

Release of acetylcholine

Question 23

Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system releases

Answer 23

Acetylcholine

Question 24

Why is cardiac pain often referred to areas such as the epigastric area, anterior chest wall, sternum, jaw, shoulders, arms, etc.?

Answer 24

These are areas innervated by thoracic segments T1-T4 where the sensory nerve fibers/cells for the heart relay info to the medulla