Aromatics

Question 1

what is kekule model

Answer 1

alternating - and =

Question 2

reasons kekule disproves

Answer 2

1. same size bonds
2. not 3x enthalpy of hydrogenation of cyclohezene
3. did not decolourise bromine water

Question 2

delocolised structure?

Answer 2

A ring of delocalised electrons around the benzene

Question 3

Nitration of benzene reactants

Answer 3

HNo3 + H2so4 + benzene –> nitro benzene + h2so4 + H20

Question 3

Equation for formation of nitronium ion in nitration of benzen

and how does catalyst reform

Answer 3

HNO3 + H2SO4 –> NO2 + (HSO4)-

when reaction complete the substituted H+ joins to form H2SO4

Question 4

Bromination of Benzene

Answer 4

FeBr3 catalyst

Br2 + Benzene –> Bromo benzene + HBr

Question 4

Alkylation of Benzene reagents and products

Answer 4

AlCl3 + Chloroalkane + benzene –> Benzenealkane + AlCl3 + HCl

Question 5

Why is phenol icnreased e- density

Answer 5

lone pairs from OH go into deloc ring
ACTIVATION

(its slightly acididc too)

Question 5

what is phenol

Answer 5

Benzene alc

Question 6

is OH withdrawing or donating in benzene

Answer 6

donating

so increase e- density

Question 7

Nitrobenzene to phenylamine reagents

Answer 7

Tin and conc HCl

Question 8

Benzene + alkene + Hcl reaction in detail

Answer 8

Alkene with Hcl forms carbocation

this acts at electrophile in reaction with benzene

Question 9

reaction of phenol with nitric acid

Answer 9

nitro phoenl

Question 10

reaction of phenol with ethanoyl chloride

Answer 10

phenyl ethanoate

Question 11

is No2 3,5 or 2,4 directing

Answer 11

3,5

Question 12

where does NH2 direct

Answer 12

2,4

Question 13

where does phenol direct

Answer 13

2,4