Aromatic Chemistry

Question 1

What is benzene’s structure

Answer 1

Benzene has the molecular formula C6H6
Its basic structure is six carbon atoms in a hexagonal ring
Each carbon is bonded to two other C atoms and one H atom by covalent bonds

Question 2

Explain the bonding in a benzene molecule

Answer 2

Each carbon forms three covalent bond
Spare electrons in the p orbital overlap to form Pi bonds
This makes them delocalised

Question 3

Describe the shape of benzene

Answer 3

It is planar
Hexagonal
C-C bonds are equal in length

Question 4

Describe the nitration reaction of benzene

Answer 4

Reagents:concentrated nitric acid
Catalyst:sulfuric acid
Mechanisms:electrophilic substitution
Electrophile:NO2

Question 5

What is the overall equation for the formation of the electrophile

Answer 5

HNO3 + 2H2SO4 —>NO2+ +2H2SO4- + H3O+

Question 6

What is the by product of the nitration reaction

Answer 6

H+

Question 7

What is the functional group change in friedel crafts acylation

Answer 7

Benzene - phenylketone

Question 8

What are the reagents for friedels crafts acylation

Answer 8

Acyl chloride and aluminium chloride catalyst

Question 9

What is the equation for the formation of the electrophile

Answer 9

AlCl3 + CH3COCl —> [CH3CO]+ + [AlCl4]-