Arm and Forearm Flashcards
How many muscles are there in the arm?
Four + one*
How many fascial compartments in the arm?
Two
How many large nerves are there in the arm?
Three
How many neuromuscular bundles are there?
One large medial neuromuscular bundle
What structures are present in the biceps brachii?
The short head
The long head
The bicipital aponeurosis
What bony attachments are present in the anterior aspect of the arm?
The radial tuberosity and coronoid on the ulna
Where does the short head of the biceps brachii originate?
The coracoid process
Where does the long head of the biceps brachii originate?
Supraglenoid tubercle superior to the glenoid fossa
Other than the biceps, what are the muscles of the anterior aspect of the arm?
The coracobrachialis - flexion and adduction + a little bit of lateral rotation of the arm (found by the biceps)
The brachialis - flexion of the elbow joint at the cubital fossa
What does the brachial do and what nerve roots innervate it?
– Prime mover in elbow flexion
– C5,C6
What does the brachial do and what nerve roots innervate it?
– Prime mover in elbow flexion
– C5,C6
What does the corachobrachialis do and what nerve roots innervate it?
– Flexion adduction at GH joint
• Stability
– C5,C6,C7
What does the musculocutaneous nerve become in the forearm?
lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
What is the biceps reflex?
- Deep tendon reflex
- Elicit a flexion jerk
- Tests C5 and C6 spinal segments
- Afferents from muscle spindles – Synapse directly on…
- Efferent Alpha motor neurones
What is the biceps reflex?
- Deep tendon reflex
- Elicit a flexion jerk
- Tests C5 and C6 spinal segments
- Afferents from muscle spindles – Synapse directly on…
- Efferent Alpha motor neurones
What bony attachments can be found on the posterior aspect of the arm?
The infraglenoid tubercle
The olecranon
What structures are present in the triceps brachii?
The long head
The lateral head
The medial head
Other than the triceps, what muscles are present on the anterior aspect of the arm?
The anconeus
What do the triceps brachii do and what nerve roots innervate it?
– Extension
• Longhead - stability
– (C6,C7,C8)
What does the anconeus do and what nerve roots innervate it?
– Elbow stability, tenses joint capsule
• (abduct ulna during pronation)
– (C7,C8,T1)
What is the triceps reflex?
- Deep tendon reflex
- Elicit an extension jerk
- Tests C6 and C7 spinal segments
- Afferents from muscle spindles – Synapse directly on…
- Efferent Alpha motor neurones
What neuromuscular structures of the arm pass into the antebrachium?
Ulnar nerve Radial nerve And profunda brachii art. Musculocutaneous nerve (Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm) Median nerve and brachial art.
Where is the cubital fossa?
Area anterior to the elbow
What are the borders of the cubital fossa?
The line between the lateral and medial epicondyles
The protractor Teres
The brachioradialis
What is the roof of the cubital fossa?
The bicipital aponeurosis
What are the contents of the cubital fossa?
- From medial → lateral:
- Median nerve
- Brachial Artery
- Biceps tendon
- Radial nerve (Deep and superficial branch)
What structures are found on the floor of the cubital fossa?
- Supinator
* Brachialis
What structures are found on the roof of the cubital fossa?
• Biceps
aponeurosis
What structures may be found superficial to the cubital fossa?
• Median
cubital vein
What are the 3 layers of the anterior forearm?
– Superficial, intermediate and deep
What are the nerves that supply the muscles of the anterior forearm?
– Median nerve except
– 1 1⁄2 muscles by the Ulnar nerve
Where is the common flexor origin for flexors in the anterior forearm?
medial epicondyle of humerus
What muscles are found in the anterior superficial layer of the forearm?
- Pronator teres
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Palmaris longus
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
What nerve roots innervate the pronator teres?
• C6,7
What nerve roots innervate the flexor carpi radialis?
• C6,7