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Psychology > Areas > Flashcards

Areas Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is the Cognitive Area is useful?

A

Practical applications

eg. lawyers and police officers not using leading questions

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2
Q

What are the strengths of the Cognitive Area?

A
  • not ethnocentric (brain functions, species-specific)
  • improve our understanding of human behavior
  • practical applications
  • favors the scientific method and lab experiments, gives psychology more credibility
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3
Q

What are the key assumptions in the Cognitive Area?

A
  1. suggests mind works like a computer processor
  2. investigates how mental processes can affect behavior
  3. people decided how they behave
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4
Q

How is research carried out in the Cognitive Area?

A
  • highly controlled lab experiments (high reliability, low ecological validity)
  • relies on self - report
  • tends qualitative data
  • tends adult participants
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5
Q

What debates does the Cognitive Area link to?

A
  1. Individual/Situational - both
  2. Conducted ethically
  3. Freewill/Determinism - freewill as we decide how we behave
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6
Q

What are the weaknesses of the Cognitive Area?

A
  • lack ecological validity as lab
  • limitations on how data can be gathered (self-report)
  • lab increases demand characteristics
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7
Q

What are the key assumptions in the Developmental Area?

A
  1. behavior is due to environmental or innate factors
  2. early experience can affect how children develop
  3. assumes our behavior changes throughout our life
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8
Q

Why is the Developmental Area useful?

A
  • practcial applications (childcare, education)

- watershed on TV at 9pm

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9
Q

What are the strengths of the Developmental Area?

A
  • practical applications
  • attempts to answer nature/nurture debate
  • variety of quantitative + qualitative data
  • can study participants over time to reduce participant variables
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10
Q

What are the weaknesses of the Developmental Area?

A
  • working with children may raise ethical issues

- research may be constrained by time or culture due to early changes

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11
Q

How is research carried out in the Developmental Area?

A

varies from case studies, observation, biological methods and lab

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12
Q

What debates does the Developmental Area link to?

A
  1. nature/nurture - both
  2. usefulness of research
  3. freewill/determinism - Bandura
  4. individual/situational - Chaney
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13
Q

What are the key assumptions in the Social Area?

A
  1. we behave differently in different situations
  2. other people influence our behavior
  3. relationships affect our behavior
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14
Q

Why is the Social Area useful?

A
  • makes us aware (blind obedience)
  • figures of authority control our behavior
  • improve our understanding of how behavior is affected
  • practical applications (bring to wider audience)
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15
Q

What are the strengths of the Social Area?

A
  • high ecological validity
  • improve our understanding of how behavior is affected
  • practical applications
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16
Q

What are the weaknesses of the Social Area?

A
  • not true for all time as social changes
  • not true for all places/cultures
  • hard to stay within ethical guidelines
  • boundaries blurred between areas- inform
17
Q

How was research carried out in the Social Area?

A
  • field experiments
  • surveys
  • lab experiments
18
Q

What debates does the Social Area link to?

A
  1. Individual Situational - situational
  2. Freewill/ Determinism - deterministic
  3. usefulness - police, teachers, also malicious
19
Q

What are the key assumptions in the Individual Differences Area?

A
  • why people differ and reasons
  • why people fall out of normal
  • develop understanding of disorders
20
Q

Why is the Individual Differences Area useful?

A
  • research all behaviors not common ones
  • Freud - unconscious thoughts
  • mental disorders and treatment
  • tries to answer freewill/determinism debate
21
Q

What are the strengths of the Individual Differences Area?

A
  • inform freewill/ determinism
  • social benefit as mental disorders
  • study rarer human behaviors
22
Q

What are the weaknesses of the Individual Differences Area?

A
  • more disagreement
  • socially sensitive
  • measuring not always valid
23
Q

What debates does the Individual Differences Area link to?

A
  1. nature/nurture - Yerkes and then Gould, Freud both
  2. psychology as a science - Yerkes tried, Freud no
  3. socially sensitive
24
Q

What are the key assumptions in the Biological Area?

A
  1. largely explained by our biology
  2. should study brain and nervous system
  3. should be seen as science
25
Q

Why is the biological area useful?

A
  • how brain works - Sperry corpus callosum

- importance of early visual experience and brain plasticity

26
Q

What are the strengths of the biological area?

A
  • greater understanding of the physiognomy
    of the brain, works and impact
  • cognitive neuroscience is at the cutting edge of scientific research (normal + abnormal)
  • favors scientific method (brings credibility)
27
Q

What are the weaknesses of the biological area?

A
  • limitations on data gathered (self report increases demand characteristics) reduces validity
  • MRI scans are objective (know somethings happening but not exactly what)
  • reductionist - explanations can be too simplistic
28
Q

What debates does the Biological Area link to?

A
  • main focus of psychology as a science
  • biological determinism
  • often supports nature side

Psychology (12 decks)

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