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Millwright Block 2 (harmonized) NS > Arc Welding (basic Principals) > Flashcards

Arc Welding (basic Principals) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average temperature of an arc?

A

6500 degrees F (4000 degrees Celsius) and above

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2
Q

What is it called when only joining two pieces of metal together with no filler?

A

Autogenous welding

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3
Q

What are the 3 basic types of arc welding?

A

Gas metal arc welding (GMAW)
Sheild metal arc welding (SMAW)
Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW)

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4
Q

Why do welds sometimes need to be protected from the air during the welding process?

A

Elements in the atmosphere react with the molten metal and cause defects in the weld

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5
Q

What is the purpose of shielding gas?

A

To protect the weld from air

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6
Q

What is the two methods of providing shielded gas?

A

Supply the gas from a compressed splinter

Melt flux at the weld site

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7
Q

What is a process that uses both methods of shielding gas’s called?

A

Dual shield

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8
Q

Which welding methods most commonly use a supplied gas

A

Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)

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9
Q

What method of welding commonly uses a flux covered electrode to produce a shielding gas?

A

Shield Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)

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10
Q

What are the two categories of shielding Gases?

A

Inert
Semi-Inert

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11
Q

What type of gas does not react with anything around it?

A

Inert Gas

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12
Q

What can happen if you have an improper welding gas? (3)

A

Porous weld
Weak weld
Excessive spatter

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13
Q

What are the two main examples of an inert gas?

A

Helium
Argon

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14
Q

Where is Argon commonly used in terms of welding?

A

Non ferrous metals
( aluminum, magnesium, and alloys of the two )

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15
Q

What gas is commonly used with carbon steels?

A

Carbon Dioxide (C02)

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16
Q

What welding gas has the deepest penetration?

A

Carbon Dioxide (C02)

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17
Q

What is Argon (A) and Carbon Dioxide (C02) typically used on?

A

Mild steels, low alloy steel, and sometimes stainless steel

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18
Q

What is Argon (A) and Helium (He) typically used on?

A

Non ferrous metals
(Typically aluminum, magnesium, and copper)

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19
Q

Where are Argon (A) and oxygen (O) Typically used?

A

Typically on stainless steels
Also can be used on mild steel, or alloy steels

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20
Q

Aleternating current (AC) is also called what?

A

Reversing

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21
Q

What electrical circuit has both positive and negative values alternating?

A

Alternating current
(AC)
Or called reversing

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22
Q

What is anther name for Direct current DC?

A

Constant current

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23
Q

What is the name of an electrical current that flows in one direction only, either positive or negative but no change?

A

Direct current
(DC)
Or constant current

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24
Q

What is another term to describe ampere (amp)?

A

Flow volume

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25
Q

What is amp?

A

A unit of measurement

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26
Q

What is the name for the unit of measurement used in expressing the rate of current flow?

A

Ampere (amp)
Or flow volume

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27
Q

Describe current flow

A

The measurement of electron movement in an electrical circuit measured in amps

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28
Q

What is another way to describe Voltage?

A

Pressure

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29
Q

The electrical pressure or force that causes current to flow is called what?

A

Voltage

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30
Q

What is the electrical symbol for voltage?

A

E

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31
Q

What does NOT flow in a circuit?

A

Voltage

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32
Q

What DOES flow in a circuit?

A

Current (amperage)

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33
Q

What is arc voltage in terms of welding?

A

The voltage output of the machine while welding is being preformed

The force that pushes the current (amps) through the welding cables and maintains the arc

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34
Q

What is the name of the voltage output of the machine while welding is being preformed called?

A

Arc voltage

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35
Q

What does Herz (Hz) refer to?

A

How many cycles occur per second

36
Q

What is a sine wave?

A

The way that electricity moves through a system in a visual form

37
Q

What is a single phase power supply?

A

A power supply that only has 1 sine wave

38
Q

What type of sine wave is this?

A

Single phase alternating current (AC) sine wave

39
Q

What type of sine wave is this?

A

Three phase Alternating Current (AC) sign wave

40
Q

What is the benefit of multiple phase sine waves?

A

When one phase of power reaches zero another can still supply power

41
Q

What is the term used to describe when a filler metal is not used?

A

Autogenous welding
(Fusion)

42
Q

Why is it called electric arc welding?

A

The welding occurs when a flow of electricity jumps a gap between the electrode and the workpiece forming the arc

43
Q

Describe what shielding gas does for welding

A

Protects the weld area by omitting the atmosphere from the welding zone

44
Q

I’m the process of GMAW (gas metal arc welding) the electric arc is produced between what?

A

A progressively fed electrode wire and the base metal

45
Q

In North America what is the frequency of DC supplied by electrical companies?

A

It’s not. Electricity is supplied in AC from suppliers at 60

46
Q

At under 60 amps what shield should you be using?

A

7

47
Q

What are the 3 power sources for arc welding?

A

Transformers
Inverters
Generators

48
Q

What are the two classified groups for welding machines?

A

Constant current
Constant voltage

49
Q

What class do shielded metal arc welding machines fall into?

A

Constant current

50
Q

What group does gas metal arc welding machines fall into?

A

Constant voltage

51
Q

What machine maintains the set amperage and varies the voltage?

A

Constant current

52
Q

What machine maintains the set voltage and varies the amperage?

A

Constant voltage

53
Q

What welding machine is the cheapest to set up but have limited electrode selection?

A

Transformers

54
Q

What are the benefits to an inverter welder? (3)

A

Highest flexibility
Multi purpose
Allow very fine control of the welding current and arc characteristics

55
Q

What is duty cycle?

A

A rating expressed as a percentage that a machine can be run at continuously over a 10 minute period

56
Q

How much can a welding machine rated for 300 amps and a 60% duty cycle produce?

A

300 amps for 6 minutes every 10 minutes

57
Q

What welding machine has the lowest start up cost?

A

Transformer

58
Q

When welding cables become larger than 1 how are they written?

A

1/0
2/0
Etc

59
Q

Is a 4 cable or a 2 cable larger?

A

2

60
Q

How does the amount of amperage effect a welding cable?

A

Larger amperage = larger cable

61
Q

How does the distance from a welding machine affect the welding cable?

A

Distance from the machine is crease so does the welding cable size

62
Q

What are the 5 key points for controlling a weld?

A

Heat (Amperage)
Distance (arc length)
Angles
Travel speed
Manipulation

63
Q

What does the amperage needed for a welding project depend on? (3)

A

Base metal thickness
Position of welding
Electrode type and diameter

64
Q

What are the 5 basic joints that may be welded?

A

Butt
Lap
Corner
T
Edge

65
Q

What are the four weld types?

A

Surfacing
Plug or slot
Fillet
Groove

66
Q

With non destructive testing methods what does the letter designation AET mean?

A

Acoustic emission test

67
Q

With non destructive testing methods what does the letter designation ET mean?

A

Eddy current (electromagnetic test)

68
Q

With non destructive testing methods what does the letter designation LT mean?

A

Leak test

69
Q

With non destructive testing methods what does the letter designation MT mean?

A

Magnetic Particle test

70
Q

With non destructive testing methods what does the letter designation NRT mean?

A

Neutron Radiographic Test

71
Q

With non destructive testing methods what does the letter designation PT mean?

A

Penetrant Test

72
Q

With non destructive testing methods what does the letter designation PRT mean?

A

Proof test

73
Q

With non destructive testing methods what does the letter designation RT mean?

A

Radiographic test

74
Q

With non destructive testing methods what does the letter designation UT mean?

A

Ultrasonic test

75
Q

With non destructive testing methods what does the letter designation VT mean?

A

Visual Test

76
Q

What is “straight polarity”?

A

Electrode negative

77
Q

How does straight polarity affect the electrode?

A

Electrode negative
Burns hotter
Penetration is shallower
Wider metal flow

78
Q

What is reverse polarity?

A

Electrode positive

79
Q

How does reverse polarity affect the electrode?

A

Electrode burns cooler
Narrower metal flow
Penetration deeper
Control improved

80
Q

Which type of welding has the best penetration?

A

GMAW-P

81
Q

What welding process has a low hum?

A

GMAW-P

82
Q

What welding process sounds like a light hiss?

A

GMAW-S

83
Q

What is the electrode in straight polarity?

A

Negative

84
Q

What is the electrode in reverse polarity?

A

Positive

85
Q

What is hotter in straight polarity, the base or electrode?

A

Electrode

86
Q

What is hotter in reverse polarity the base or electrode?

A

Base

Millwright Block 2 (harmonized) NS (17 decks)

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