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millwright block 2 (harmonized) ns > Alignment > Flashcards

Alignment Flashcards

1
Q

What does alignment refer to?

A

Lining up two machines that are to be coupled to each other

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2
Q

What does collinearity mean?

A

Straight line

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3
Q

Which is the “power source” the driven or the driver

A

Driver

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4
Q

Define misalignment

A

When two or more shaft rotational centrelines are not collinear under normal operating conditions

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5
Q

What are the three types of misalignment?

A

Offset (parallel)
Angular
Combination

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6
Q

What does offset refer to?

A

Parallel misalignment

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7
Q

What type of misalignment is this?

A

Offset

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8
Q

What type of misalignment is this?

A

Angular

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9
Q

What type of misalignment is this?

A

Combination

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10
Q

What are the 4 components of misalignment?

A

Vertical angular misalignment
Vertical offset (parallel) misalignment
Horizontal angular misalignment
Horizontal offset (parallel) misalignment

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11
Q

How do you typically correct vertical misalignment?

A

By adding or removing shims Uber the machines feet (typically driver)

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12
Q

What does DBSE stand for?

A

Distance between shafts ends

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13
Q

What are the 3 basic types of couplings?

A

Rigid
Flexible
Special

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14
Q

What is pipe strain?

A

A condition where piping fastened to a piece of equipment stresses the housing

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15
Q

What is soft foot?

A

A situation where the weight distribution of a machine is not equal on all supports

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16
Q

What type of soft foot is pictured?

A

Parallel

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17
Q

What type of soft foot is pictured?

A

Angular heel touching

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18
Q

What type of soft foot is pictured?

A

Angular Toe touching

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19
Q

What is another name for a base?

A

Soleplate

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20
Q

What methods can be used to find soft foot?

A

Dial
Feeler gauge

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21
Q

How do you check for soft foot using a dial?

A

-Mount dial on MTBM (machine to be moved)
-Place dial on fixed machine coupler at 12 position zeroed
-loosen and retighten each foot (one at a time) observing dial

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22
Q

When checking for soft foot with a dial on the coupling what does a positive reading mean?

A

Rear foot lift

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23
Q

When checking for soft foot with a dial on the coupling what does a negative reading mean?

A

Front foot lift

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24
Q

What are the two types of shims to correct angular soft foot

A

Stepped shims
Elastomer shims

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25
Q

What is the most accurate way of measuring soft foot with feeler gauges?

A

Check all 4 corners of the foot

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26
Q

When does runout NOT affect the ability to preform an alignment?

A

When rotating both shafts together

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27
Q

What are the two basic types of runout?

A

Eccentric
Angular

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28
Q

Which type of runout is pictured?

A

Eccentric

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29
Q

Which type of runout is pictured?

A

Angular

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30
Q

What type of alignment allows you to rotate only one coupling half?

A

Rim and face

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31
Q

Why would a machine with proper alignment still produce vibration?

A

Imbalance from runout

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32
Q

What is end float?

A

When a shaft moves axially

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33
Q

What does end float do to face readings?

A

Causes them to be unreliable

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34
Q

What is dial bar sag? (DBS)

A

Affects of gravity on the dial bar

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35
Q

What does bar sag affect?

A

Rim readings only

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36
Q

What reading(s) should bar sag value be added to?

A

6 o clock rim reading ONLY

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37
Q

What is the method for performing a rough alignment?

A

Straight edge and feeler gauge or taper gauge

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38
Q

What is the travel on a typical dial indicator?

A

0.100 inches

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39
Q

What are the 3 methods for measuring angular offset?

A

Feeler/taper gauges
Internal calipers
External calipers

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40
Q

How is angular offset adjusted?

A

By shimming either front OR rear feet

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41
Q

How do you determine the position of the dial readings?

A

By simulating you are standing behind the moveable machine (typically motor) looking at the fixed machine

42
Q

What are the 4 positions for dial readings?

A

12 , 3 , 6 , 9

43
Q

How should the plunger be oriented on a dial when placed?

A

Half depressed

44
Q

How do you validate a dial setup?

A

Sweep reading

45
Q

What is a sweep reading?

A

Rotating the dial 360 degrees recording the readings every 90 degrees

46
Q

What is dial balancing?

A

Ensuring dial validity is accurate
The sun of the values at 12 and 6 not including dial bar sag should roughly equal 3 and 9

47
Q

What is DBS?

A

Dial Bar Sag

48
Q

What is TIR?

A

Total indicator reading

49
Q

What is total indicated reading?

A

The amount of change a dial has registered

50
Q

What does it mean If you generate a positive number from your rim and face alignment calculations

A

You are required to move down toward your datum point

51
Q

What does it mean If you generate a negative number from your rim and face alignment calculations

A

You need to move mils away from datum

52
Q

What should be done first vertical or horizontal alignment?

A

Vertical

53
Q

What is bolt bound?

A

When hold down bolts do not allow sufficient horizontal movement

54
Q

What should always be your last step in alignment?

A

Horizontal

55
Q

What is a live move alignment?

A

No calculations just using dials. Typically quicker however requires multiple moves

56
Q

How do you calculate true angularity alignment tolerance

A

Total indicator reading of the face divided by diameter

TIRface/D

57
Q

How do you calculate true offset alignment tolerance?

A

Distance divided by diameter times total indicator reading face minus (total indicator reading rim divided by 2)

X/D X TIRface - (TIRrim/2)

58
Q

What is a bezel?

A

The face of a dial indicator

59
Q

What is validity rule?

A

Dial sweep readings
3 + 9 = 12 + 6

Means of checking your dial or finding a missing reading
Does not include Dial Bar Sag

60
Q

What is a sweep indicator reading?

A

Taking a full reading of a shaft with a dial typically recording 4 points at 90 degrees apart

61
Q

When mounting a dial how should the dial be placed?

A

Centred and with the plunger depressed halfway

62
Q

What are the 4 recognized methods for coupling alignment?

A

Rough alignment
Rim and face
Cross dialling
Laser

63
Q

What are the 4 classes of pre cut shims?

A

A , B , C , D

64
Q

What is the size of a class C shim?

A

4x4

65
Q

What is the size of a class A shim?

A

2x2

66
Q

How should multiple shims be placed under a machines foot?

A

Largest on the bottom
Smallest sandwiched in between 2

67
Q

What’s the ideal max amount of shims you should use?

A

3 or less

68
Q

Why should you always back off the jackscrews before tightening the hold down bolts?

A

To prevent breaking them

69
Q

What does the gauge on a dial indicator read in the plunger is depressed?

A

Positive reading

70
Q

What does a dial indicator read if the plunger extends?

A

A negative reading

71
Q

What does adding the sag value do and where would we do this?

A

Makes up for the dial bar sag
Only add DBS at the 6 o clock position

72
Q

What does mils mean?

A

Thousandths

73
Q

During rim reading on the DRIVEN coupling you preform your calculation for corrections (shim changes) the end number is positive what do you do?

A

Remove equal shim amounts from ALL driver feet

74
Q

During rim reading on the DRIVER coupling you preform your calculation for corrections (shim changes) the end number is positive what do you do?

A

Insert equal shim amounts to ALL driver feet

75
Q

What is TPS

A

Total position sensing

76
Q

How do you preform TPS (total position sensing)

A

Live moves using the dial indicator to get your points to zero typically horizontal

77
Q

What is the goal when conducting an alignment?

A

Have shafts share the same rotational axis

78
Q

Which machine do you typically and ideally stand behind to reference your sweep position?

A

The moveable machine

79
Q

Angular alignments are measured by placing dial indicator on which part on the coupling?

A

Face

80
Q

What does TIR stand for?

A

Total indicator reading

81
Q

How can you ensure the machine stays aligned after an alignment?

A

Monitor and maintain the proper hold down bolt torque

82
Q

In which position would you look for bar sag during a rim and face alignment?

A

Vertical offset alignment

83
Q

How is dial bar sag measured?

A

A bar sag jig set up with the indicators and a brackets are used

84
Q

When installing shims what is the maximum recommended numbers to use?

A

4

85
Q

What are you correcting when moving the motor sideways using a half turn of each Jack screw against the feet?

A

Horizontal offset misalignment

86
Q

How much can hold down bolts be necked down to solve bolt bound?

A

To the minor diameter of the thread

87
Q

What are tapered (or layered) shims used to correct?

A

Angular soft foot

88
Q

In a typical misalignment what is the most common type of misalignment?

A

Combination

89
Q

What measuring device is used to check the thickness of a shim?

A

Micrometer

90
Q

Is pipe strain caused by misalignment?

A

No

91
Q

When aligning new machinery, why must modifications such as drilling, grinding or enlarging holes not be made to the supplied machine base plate or the machine feet?

A

It may void the manufactures warranty

92
Q

What term describes the situation where the hold down bolts do not allow sufficient horizontal movement?

A

Bolt bound

93
Q

What does MTBM stand for?

A

Machine to be moved

94
Q

What will result if a dial indicator is touching the backside of the coupling face instead of the insides?

A

Only the positive or negative of the face measurement will change

95
Q

Where is the thickest shim inserted when placing more than one shim under a hold down bolt

A

Bottom

96
Q

If a part moves away from the dial indicator which direction will the dial needle move?

A

Negative direction

97
Q

When end play is detected how must it be controlled?

A

Keeping constant pressure axially on the shaft while measuring

98
Q

In the rim and face alignment formula what does D stand for

A

The diameter of the circle the face dial makes

99
Q

How should a dial indicator be placed on the machinery?

A

Plunger depressed about mid range

100
Q

Why would we purposely misalign a coupling when preforming an alignment?

A

To allow for thermal growth

millwright block 2 (harmonized) ns (17 decks)

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