Aquisition Of Phonology

Question 1

When do children hone in on the phonemes specific to their target language

Answer 1

Around nine months

Question 2

What is “lack of invariance” and what implications does this have for children?

Answer 2

Their term meaning that when we pronounce a sound we never pronounce it the same way twice, due to accent, emotion, pace of speech ect. Children need to learn that every time they hear a variation of the phoneme /p/ it is the same phoneme and not something different.

Question 3

What are the first types of consonants that show up and when does this occur?

Answer 3

The first consonants are velars and they occur right after cooing appears

Question 4

When do front consonant appear?

Answer 4

Around six months - after reduplicated babbling beings

Question 5

What does babbling in deaf or hearing impaired children look like?

Answer 5

Often appears late

Their sound repertoires get smaller instead of larger

Question 6

How many phonemes are their word wide and how many does English have?

Answer 6

200 ww

English has about 45

Question 7

By ten months what does the babbling reflect?

Answer 7

The format structure of the vowels start to reflect the target language

Question 8

By 0;11 - 1;11 what does a child’s babble sound like?

Answer 8

Evidence of target language in the syllable structure

Evidence of native language Phonotactic tendencies

Question 9

By seven weeks of age what can be said about the infants vocalizations?

Answer 9

They are recognizably different in different social context, there fore seeming to have some function (but it doesn’t mean that these infants have learnt that function)

Question 10

Whe are children learning specific things about their language?

Answer 10

6-9 months

Question 11

What do newborns have a preface for

Answer 11

Human speech over many other types of sounds

Question 12

By three months what can be said about the sound that infant perfer?

Answer 12

Human speech rather than rhesus monkeys (which shares a lot of the same acoustic features as human speech)

Question 13

What is categorical perception?

Answer 13

Perception of stimuli that Cary alone a physical continuum as belonging to discrete categories. Example, you hear a /b/ until a certain point were you suddenly hear a /p/

Question 14

Do infants perceive the difference of categories in the same place as adults?

Answer 14

Yes, even at one month the voice onset time for the category between p and b was in the same place as adults place it.

Question 15

What is voice onset time?

Answer 15

The duration of the time lag between air passing through the lips and the vocal chords vibrating when producing the syllable

Question 16

What is happening around nine months for infants?

Answer 16

They can tell their language from another based on the sound Patterns without relying on prosody, this is around the same time they are honing in on their target phonemes

Question 17

What are phonological idioms?

Answer 17

Words that children can produce in a very adult like way, while they are still producing other words wrong.

Question 18

What is the phonological process?

Answer 18

Systematic ways in which children will alter sounds of the target language to fit their phonemic inventory

Question 19

What it the idiosyncratic process?

Answer 19

How children apply all of the phonological processes uniquely to words to get unintelligible words