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PT 6221: Therapeutic Procedures > Aquatic Therapy > Flashcards

Aquatic Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

What does Archimedes Principle state?

A

An immersed body experiences an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaced

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2
Q

What is the Specific Gravity of WATER?

A

1.0

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3
Q

What is the Specific Gravity of the BODY?

A

0.974

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4
Q

If Specific Gravity is LESS than water, what happens?

A

It floats

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5
Q

Buoyancy depends on object _______

A

density

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6
Q

Denser objects tend to ______

A

sink

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7
Q

Lower bone density _____ buoyancy

A

increases

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8
Q

Subcutaneous fat _____ buoyancy

A

increases

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9
Q

Increased air in the lungs _____ buoyancy

A

increases

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10
Q

The upward force of buoyancy causes an _____ of the joints

A

offloading

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11
Q

The deeper you are immersed in the water, the less…

A

pressure on the joints

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12
Q

What are the population groups that benefit from aquatic therapy? (4)

(PCOJ)

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. Chronic Pain
  3. Obesity
  4. Joint Replacement (weight bearing restrictions)
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13
Q

If you are immersed to the line of your ASIS, you are offloading ____%

A

50%

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14
Q

If you are immersed to the line of your neck, you are offloading ___%

A

90%

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15
Q

Buoyancy of water can ___ AND ___ exercise

A

assist; restrict

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16
Q

Viscosity is the ____ friction in liquids secondary to _____ forces b/w molecules

A

internal; cohesive

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17
Q

Resistance from viscosity is ____ to velocity

A

proportional

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18
Q

Increasing your movement speed in the water will ____ resistance

A

increase

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19
Q

Increasing your surface area in the water will _____ resistance

A

increase

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20
Q

Hydrostatic Pressure is the force exerted on the body by the water due to…

A

the weight of the fluid

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21
Q

Pressure varies on depth of immersion. Therefore, the deeper/distal the segment is, the ______ in resistance

A

increase

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22
Q

Surface tension is the force _____ to the surface like a _____

A

parallel; membrane

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23
Q

____ work is required to break the surface of the water than to exercise under the water

A

more

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24
Q

Surface tension is influenced by the _____ of the object or the ________.

(ex: bigger versus smaller person and their surface tension)

A

size, surface area

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25
Q

Adding equipment in the water ____ resistance

A

increases

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26
Q

Hydrodynamics is fluid in motion; or laminar/turbulent _____

A

flow

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27
Q

Exercise Considerations for Aquatic Therapy (3)

BAR

A
  1. Resistance
  2. Assistance
  3. Balance
28
Q

How can flow aid in aquatic therapy training?

A

Depending on the jet currents, you can make gait training harder or easier (walking with or against flow)

29
Q

What are the main factors of aquatic thermodynamics? (6)

A
  1. Water
  2. Temperature
  3. Air Temperature
  4. Amount of Body
  5. Immersed
  6. Rest vs. Movement
30
Q

Thermodynamics Heat Transfer of Aquatic Therapy includes (RECC)

A
  1. Convection
  2. Conduction
  3. Evaporation
  4. Radiation
31
Q

Convection of aquatic therapy

A

person or water moving

32
Q

Conduction of aquatic therapy

A

person and water at rest

33
Q

Evaporation of aquatic therapy

A

loss of body fluid to environment via sweating

34
Q

Radiation of aquatic therapy

A

exchange of electromagnetic energy b/w warmer body surface and cooler environment

35
Q

Water Temperature factors include the effects of ____ and _____ (getting in and out of the water) since water does have one of the highest specific heat of all substances

A

convection and conduction

36
Q

Air Temperature factors include the effects of ______ and _______

A

evaporation and radiation

37
Q

What is the recommended air temperature range for aquatic therapy?

A

65-80F

38
Q

What is the recommended air humidity range for aquatic therapy?

A

50-65F

39
Q

Exercise Considerations for Thermodynamics include the ______ of the pool

A

temperature

40
Q

What are population groups to keep in mind for thermodynamics of aquatic therapy?

A
  • SCI/TBI
  • MS
  • Arthritis
41
Q

Buoyancy vs. Gravity is important to consider because if they are ____ and _____ the person will be upright, whereas if they are different there will be a ____ momentum

A

equal and opposite; rotational

42
Q

Drag Force is the combined influence of (5)

A

buoyancy, viscosity, hydrostatic pressure, surface tension and flow

43
Q

Drag force is the resistance to

A

movement

44
Q

Drag force changes based on (5)

A
  1. Surface area moving through water
  2. Speed of movement in water
  3. Location of movement in water/breaking surface
  4. Quiet, laminar or turbulent flow
  5. Motion against buoyancy
45
Q

Vasodilation occurs at >___F and vasoconstriction occurs at < ___F

(hint: year mom got pregnant with me and year dad was a senior in high school)

A

~96F; ~81F

46
Q

Dive Reflex occurs when the whole body except the had is

A

immersed

47
Q

Dive Reflex causes (3)

A
  1. Bradycardia
  2. Peripheral Vasoconstriction
  3. Blood Shunting to Vital Organs*

*only if water is lower than body temp

48
Q

Warm/hot water ____ HR

A

increases

49
Q

___BP (depends on dive reflex) and ___CO occur with warm/hot water

A

increased; increased

50
Q

Warm water is ____ while cold water is _____

A

relaxing; stimulating

51
Q

Lung expansion may be limited by hydrostatic pressure and increased _________ circulation

A

body center

52
Q

Max Oxygen Uptake ____ during water exercise

A

decreases

53
Q

Respiratory Rate ____ during water exercise

A

increases

54
Q

Water exercise _____ ventilation-perfusion ratio

A

improves

55
Q

Diuresis during water exercise causes ____ urine output due to decreased _____ pooling which causes centralization of blood volume

A

increased; venous

56
Q

What is a population you need to be highly considerate of with diuresis?

A

Those with catheters and bags

57
Q

What are some secondary temperature effects of water on the muscular system?

A
  1. Increased muscular blood flow (warm water)

2. Induce analgesia/break spasm cycle

58
Q

What are the contraindications of aquatic therapy? (11)

A
  1. Open Wounds
  2. Incontinence*
  3. Skin Infection
  4. Menstruation w/o internal protection
  5. Isolation precautions
  6. Uncontrolled seizures
  7. Cardiac precautions
  8. Acute fever
  9. Upper Respiratory Infection
  10. Severe Mental Disorders
  11. Severe Pulmonary
59
Q

What are the precautions of aquatic therapy? (7)

A
  1. Compromised CV status
  2. MS
  3. Ostomies
  4. G-Tubes/suprapubic caths
  5. Autonomic Dysreflexia
  6. Orthostatic Hypotension
  7. Medically Controlled Seizure Disorder
60
Q

What are the clinical applications of aquatic therapy?

A
  1. Promotes relaxation
  2. Improved circulation
  3. Restored Mobility
  4. Strengthening
  5. Gait Training with decreased WB
  6. Stimulates Vestibular System
  7. Facilitates Sleep
  8. Promotes Oral Motor Control
  9. Facilitates Coordination
  10. Functional Training
  11. Promotes Alertness
  12. Retrains Perception
  13. Normalizes Muscle Tone
  14. Improves Emotional Wellbeing
61
Q

What is the range of depth for traditional pools?

A

3-4’ to 8-10 (group therapy)

62
Q

Pool Care & Safety Considerations

A
  1. Maintenance required to reduce risk of infections
  2. Slip resistance walking surfaces
  3. Safety rules
  4. Emergency procedures (CPR certified staff and >1 person)
63
Q

Additional Safety Considerations include patient education of taking ____, using the _____, assistive devices and clothing

A

medications; bathroom

64
Q

What are some challenges of aquatic therapy?

A
  1. Compliance
  2. Accessibility
  3. Referrals, Environment
  4. Cost-Effectiveness
  5. Complexity of Patients
  6. Coordination of After-Care
65
Q

What are some populations to consider for aquatic therapy?

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. Dysfunction of soft tissue/bone
  3. Acute Injury
  4. Chronic Pain
  5. Neuro
  6. Developmental Disabilities
  7. Balance
  8. Post Surgical
  9. Deconditioned
66
Q

What are some specific modalities of water exercise that require additional training?

A
  1. Ai Chi
  2. Bad Ragaz
  3. Watsu
  4. Aqua Running

PT 6221: Therapeutic Procedures (7 decks)

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